*2.3. Study on the Propagation of Quasi-Stationary Planetary Waves in the Three-Dimensional Atmosphere during Boreal Summer*

There are few studies on the propagating characteristics of quasi-stationary planetary waves in the three-dimensional atmosphere during boreal summer. Huang and Gambo [31] studied the three-dimensional propagating characteristics of quasi-stationary planetary waves in the actual flow during boreal summer using the wave refraction index and E-P flux and noted that quasi-stationary planetary waves can propagate quasi-horizontally from the subtropical region to the middle and high latitudes during boreal summer, but not to the stratosphere.
