*4.2. Smart City 2.0*

Smart city 2.0 refers to the second phase of smart city development, which is characterized by a more holistic and citizen-centric approach. This phase emphasizes the use of technology to enhance quality of life, promote sustainability, and foster social inclusion in urban areas. In this phase, the development of smart cities with a predominant role for public administration. The use of modern technologies is initiated by local authorities, and the introduction of new solutions which is aimed at improving the citizens' quality of life [198]. During Smart City 2.0, cities are focusing on creating more collaborative models of governance, which involve citizens and stakeholders in decision-making processes. This includes the use of digital platforms and social media to engage with citizens, as well as the establishment of innovation labs and spaces [199].
