4.5.6. Dubai

Renowned for its advanced infrastructure and use of cutting-edge technology, Dubai has implemented a number of smart solutions to improve transportation, including a smart traffic management system and a high-speed train system. Additionally, Dubai has implemented a number of smart solutions to improve the quality of life for its citizens, including smart lighting systems and a smart waste management system [229].


#### 4.5.7. NEOM

NEOM is a \$500 billion mega-city development project in Saudi Arabia. It is an ambitious initiative that aims to create a futuristic, sustainable city in the northwest part of the country, spanning over 26,500 square kilometers [231,232]. NEOM is envisioned as a hub for innovation, technology, and economic diversification, with a focus on various sectors such as energy, water, biotechnology, food, entertainment, and tourism [231,233]. Key features of NEOM include:

1. Sustainability: NEOM aims to be a model for sustainable development, with a focus on renewable energy sources, eco-friendly infrastructure, and efficient use of resources. The project seeks to minimize its environmental impact and promote sustainable practices [214,215,231].


#### 4.5.8. New Administrative Capital

One example of a smart city in Egypt is the new administrative capital (NAC), which is currently under construction. The NAC is being built to alleviate the population and traffic congestion in Cairo and to serve as a model for future sustainable and smart cities in Egypt [235]. The NAC is planned to be a fully integrated smart city, using advanced technologies to enhance the quality of life for its residents [236].

