5.3.2. Infrastructure

Smart city technologies require a good foundation of physical infrastructure, such as reliable power, water, and telecommunications networks [169]. In many cities, this infrastructure is outdated or lacking [244].

#### 5.3.3. Data Privacy

The collection and use of data is a key part of smart city projects. However, there are concerns about data privacy and security [245].

#### 5.3.4. Security

Smart city technologies are often connected to the internet, which makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks [245].
