4.5.3. Amsterdam

Known for its focus on sustainability and livability, Amsterdam has implemented a number of smart solutions to reduce energy consumption, including smart buildings that use renewable energy sources and smart grids that optimize energy use [212]. Amsterdam is also known for its smart transportation systems, which include an extensive network of bike lanes and public transportation options [209,213].


program for construction materials and a bike-sharing program that uses recycled bicycles [213,216].

4. Open data: Amsterdam has made a large amount of data publicly available, which enables researchers and developers to create innovative solutions to urban problems. The city has also established an open data portal that provides access to a wide range of datasets [211,213].
