**3. Proposed Methodology**

This section describes the proposed IoT-based Smart Home Assistance system for elderly people using Cyborg.

#### *3.1. Cyborg in Smart Home Assistance Technology*

The proposed model KNN-ABC with the Cyborg is designed for applications in monitoring the surroundings of the smart home and assisting elderly people. This robotic model is specifically designed to switch off unnecessary lights, water plants, detect gas leaks, monitor for intruders or unknown persons, alert elderly residents in emergency situations, etc. These tasks are handled by sensor devices connected via Wi-Fi and control interfaces. This control system interface in the smart home allows elderly people to easily access activities in an efficient manner. It satisfies the basic requirements of elderly people by cleaning the home, detecting gas leaks in the kitchen, setting alarms and reminders about important work, and more. The KNN-ABC system uses PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor), a type of electronic sensor used to set alerts for security and automatic ON/OFF operation of fans and lights. The presence or absence of a human in the room is detected using the ZIGBEE communication protocol. For the detection of gas leaks, an LPG sensor is used to produce an alert signal. To clean the house using a vacuum cleaner, the Cyborg robot is moved around the smart home surroundings using the follower technique. The IR sensor (Infrared Sensor) is used to detect obstacles along the movement path of the robot, and it produces the buzzer that makes a beeping sound. For reminders about medication scheduling and important activities, a real-time clock (RTC) is used to set alarms and produce reminder messages on the LCD screen. Figure 1 shows the overall diagram of the proposed smart home assistance system for elderly people using KNN-ABC.

**Figure 1.** Framework of the proposed smart home assistance system for elderly people.

Figure 1 shows the smart home assistance control for elderly people that controls the electronic appliances, sensor devices, electronic home appliances, control system interfaces, and cloud-based computing platform modules. The KNN-ABC system module contains the home environment, control system interface for the user, sensor-based electronic home appliances, and cloud computing platform. The user can communicate with the home environment via Wi-Fi using either a mobile-based or web-based application. The home environment contains sensor devices and communication modules, and can be linked with electronic home appliances. The received sensor signals and their information are stored in the cloud storage platform back-end of the KNN-ABC system model.

#### 3.1.1. Control System Interface

In the KNN-ABC model, the interaction between the user and the home environment at the front-end takes place in the control system interface via Wi-Fi through the mobile-based or web-based application. The surveillance camera live stream monitors the surroundings of the home environment. Using the customized Android application, users can easily access the smart home surroundings status (e.g., humidity, temperature, ON/OFF status of electronic home appliances such as fans and lights, presence of intruders). Data generated by the various sensors are stored in the cloud computing platform for future reference. The control application of the smart home is uses Android. The live stream of the surveillance camera can be displayed on a laptop, mobile device, or desktop computer.

#### 3.1.2. Smart Home Environment

The KNN-ABC-based smart home environment comprises three modules: the communication interface module, electronic home appliances module, and sensor device module. The sensor devices are incorporated with IoT-based electronic home appliances and linked together using a microcontroller to provide communication with the smart home's outer surrounding environment via the wireless network. The microcontroller uses the ESP8266 module and Wi-Fi with HTTPS/IP and TCP/IP as the communication protocol. In order to function, the microcontroller requires a power supply and the ESP32 camera module in an Arduino board. The in-built function of the Wi-Fi chip has an ESP32 camera board with wireless connectivity. Therefore, ESP8266 and ESP32 are used for communication.
