*Appendix A.1. Precipitation, Evaporation, and Atmospheric Temperature*

The heaviest rains, associated with tropical systems in the peninsula, occur between June and October. In the winter, from November to February, it is also common for rain associated with the passing of cold fronts, or 'Nortes'. The annual precipitation varies between 444 mm and 1290 mm and is greater north to south, and east to west, in the state of Yucatan. The dry season, March to June, has very little rain, with high levels of solar radiation which generate extremely high temperatures [80].

As is typical in tropical areas, the evaporation exceeds the precipitation (approximately 1800 and 1290 mm/year, respectively). The atmospheric temperature has a defined annual oscillation, with maximums in summer. The annual average temperature is 26 ◦C, the maximum monthly average is around 36 ◦C, in May, and the minimum monthly average is 16 ◦C, in January [35,81].

#### *Appendix A.2. Tides, Winds, and Waves*

According to [82], the tides are diurnal, with higher high water = 0.590 m; mean high water = 0.461 m; mean water level = 0.326 m; mean low water = 0.238 m, and mean lower low water = 0.000 m.

As explained by [83], winds in the Yucatan Peninsula are mostly Trade winds, from the east and northeast, locally modified by a marked system of coastal breezes, with sustained averages of 5.5 m/s. The waves are of low energy, with a mean annual significant wave height of Hs = 0.78 m, mean peak period Tp = 4.6 s, and a predominant northeast direction (see Figure A1).

**Figure A1.** Roses showing the direction and magnitude of (**a**) wind velocity, (**b**) wave height, and (**c**) peak period. Reanalysis data from [83].

In addition, the region has atmospheric systems of short duration which modify these patterns: in summer there are tropical cyclones, which can become hurricanes, with sustained winds of up to 44 m/s, Hs > 10 m, and Tp > 12 s, and in winter, strong 'Nortes' can have winds of up to 15 m/s, Hs = 4.5 m, and Tp = 8.7 s [83].

#### *Appendix A.3. Bathymetry*

The inlet linking the lagoon with the sea has depths of 1.5–2 m, the shallow interior is only 0.5 m deep, with the exception of the channel that links the freshwater inflow area with the lagoon (southwest), where depths are 2 m close to the inflow, and 0.5 m towards the lagoon interior (Figure A2). The depths in the marine area show the shallow, extensive nature of the continental shelf off Yucatan.

**Figure A2.** Bathymetry of the lagoon of La Carbonera and nearby marine area [33].
