**4. Electrical Performance of FPV System in Egyptian Reservoirs**

High Dam construction work was started in 1960, finished in 1971 and the operational head storage was reached 1976, and was the world's largest dam at that time. The dam has 12 generating units with equal capacities; the total capacity of the power plant is 2.10 GW, and it was built to ensure water supply during dry seasons, as stated by its engineer. Its

secondary and tertiary goals were to increase power production in Egypt and with it, drive industrialization. Now, it represents 5–6% of the total generated electricity of Egypt. Aswan Reservoir was built at the beginning of the 20th century and now it has a full capacity of 0.55 GW; it was built to feed the Aswan governorate with electricity before Egypt established a national power system [4,7].

The electrical performance of the floating photovoltaic system (FPV) is analyzed on the water surface of Aswan High Dam and Aswan Reservoir using monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film type PV panels. The model, type, dimensions, standard test conditions (STCs) nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), and electrical performance of these PV panels used in the study is presented in Appendix A. Further, the floating platform is simulated in two different orientation and tracking mechanisms. To avoid variation in the electrical output of the system, the power output capacities of the three types of PV panels are selected in the same range. For all these analyses, the area covered by the FPV is kept constant in Aswan High Dam, while in Aswan Reservoir, the installed capacity is considered as constant. The floating platform for the present study is assumed to be a pontoon based on the dimension mentioned in the previous experiments [33]. Each pontoon occupies a pair of PV panels tilted at an angle of 25 degrees and placed at a distance of 0.15 m apart from each other. The pontoons are interconnected in a way to form the FPV array, providing 0.50 m distance between each row in an FPV array to provide catwalks. These catwalks are necessary for maintenance and the water evaporative cooling of the PV panels. The edges of the complete floating desk are coupled to the anchors, which are either placed on the embankment of the reservoir or in the bottom of the water in the form of concrete blocks surface through mooring lines [27,29]. Previous studies have focused in detail on this developing solar technology [27,33–35]. The present study will focus more on hybrid power production and its associated environmental and economic benefits.
