*3.3. Influence of the Vessel Concavity*

To better explain the effect of the vessel concavity, three heating scenarios were performed as examples with consistency in all of them, which means that they all have the same parameters except for concavity, which varied according to the levels in Table 2, which are represented in Figure 2.

The heat losses, amplitude of the power density and sensor temperature of the three cases are shown in Figure 10. Figure 10a corresponds to the highest concavity case, followed by Figure 10b,c with the lowest concavity. The conduction losses for the highest concavity case are minimum, which makes an overheating of the temperature sensor (because the sensor is placed at the center [10]). For the lowest concavity case, the conduction losses are the main losses at the beginning of the heating. After reaching the highest heat losses, the losses decrease rapidly as the glass has been heated; therefore, the temperature of the sensor decreases slowly because the pan loses less heat.

**Figure 10.** Temperature of the sensor (green continuous line), amplitude of the power density (red dotted line) and losses (coloured areas) of three WMF pans that only differ on its concavity, case #A (**a**), case #B (**b**) and case #C (**c**) (see Figure 4). The yellow area represents convective and radiation losses of the walls, the orange area represents convective and radiation losses of the base of the pan, and the blue area represents conduction losses to the glass.
