2.2.4. Urban Microclimate Simulation Tools

This section summarizes research-based, commercial, or freely available simulation tools of each method discussed above. It is true that today's scientific literature contains a plethora of field modelling tools, which are mainly products of mathematical interpretation of the physical phenomena encountered in the urban environment. Since this paper focuses on the physical analysis within the urban canopy layer, meso-scale models are beyond the scope of this review, and the present section describes energy balance models (UCM mainly) and micro-scale CFD tools (excluding the FEM-based ones, since they are not so commonly used in urban microclimate analyses). Respective common modelling developments and tools used worldwide (but there are many more) are the following [107,118]:

	- -UHSM
	- TEB
	- --SOLWEIG
	- -Rayman
	- -ENVI-met
	- -ANSYS-Fluent
	- -ANSYS-CFX
	- -Phoenics

A summary of strengths and weaknesses of simulation tools is provided in Table 4.

**Table 4.** Strengths, weaknesses, and special features of computational urban microclimate simulation models and tools.



#### **Table 4.** *Cont.*


#### **Table 4.** *Cont.*
