*3.2. Data*

#### 3.2.1. Water Cooperation Events Data

Interaction events reflect the relationship between countries, and events data analysis is a basic method to quantitatively measure bilateral relations [81]. The research object of this article is global TWC, therefore, the basic analysis unit is global TWC events. Data on global TWC and conflict events from 1948 to 2008 have been collected by the International Water Event Database (IWED) of Oregon State University [46,48,82], while establishing a coding system based on the nature and intensity of events. The nature of the event is divided into three categories, and the intensity is assigned to 15 levels, which represent negative water events (intensity level from −7 to −1), neutral water events (intensity is 0), and positive water events (intensity level from 1 to 7) (Table A1). The absolute value of the level is proportional to the intensity of the event. The database provides a solid grounding for the success of earlier TWC research [2,45,83].

However, the database has not been further updated since its release, and the pattern and law of TWC in the past 10 years need to be described urgently. According to the IWED data retrieval rules, we retrieved news event materials related to freshwater resources from 2009 to 2013 through the World News Connection (WNC) database, and a total of 80,783 news events were obtained. After conducting two different levels of data filtering and coding, 303 TWC events were finally confirmed.

Based on the above process, the article obtained a total of 1423 TWC events, including 4756 cooperation linkages. The data covered 22 years (from 1992 to 2013) and 152 countries (including historical countries).
