*4.1. Qualitative Evaluation Method*

Among the results of qualitative studies on the effects of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse, the "three-pillars approach" has been the main assessment method used to assess these effects from the trifold perspective of economic, social and environmental sustainability. For example, Corné de Broekert applied the "three-pillars approach" to explore the positive impact on the economic, social and environmental sustainability of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse projects in postindustrial cities in the Netherlands, as well as the factors affecting the degree of added value generated [9]. As research has progressed, many researchers have come to believe that the "three-pillars approach" is insufficient to meet the complex challenges faced by modern society. In addition to economic, social and environmental sustainability, cultural sustainability is also an important dimension. As Sotiria Sarri's research demonstrated, cultural sustainability is a way to maintain cultural diversity and help build inclusive societies and strengthen economies [92]. In practice, an increasing number of governmental and nongovernmental organizations have used culture as a tool for accelerating economic growth, promoting social cohesion, stability and human welfare, and solving environmental problems [93]. Therefore, some researchers have proposed the "four-pillars approach" to meet the requirements of sustainable development. The "four-pillars approach" extends the evaluation to include culture and emphasizes that the cultural dimension is "integrated on an equal basis with the other three dimensions. This approach highlights culture as (re)source and considers components of culture to include heritage, identity, memory, creativity, human knowledge and skills, cultural practices, lifestyles, value systems and diversity, among others" [81].

In addition, some researchers have focused on specific aspects of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse projects for their evaluation. For example, Nakai Yoko and Ito Hiroshi evaluated the effects of the reconstruction and reuse of the Kiryu sawtooth roof factory from the perspective of the protection of regional characteristics and local industries; they determined evaluation criteria according to the historical and industrial characteristics of Kiryu, including whether the textile factory was located in an area facing the river, whether the three facilities (sawtooth roof factory, residence and warehouse) still existed in one place, whether the space had remained vacant, and whether textile products were still being used. Highlighting regional characteristics was at the core of their evaluation of the effects of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse [82]. Compared with the "three (four)-pillars approach", the results of an evaluation that focuses on one aspect are undoubtedly more targeted. Nevertheless, there were also shortcomings in this study because important dimensions were omitted, resulting in the "disconnection" between the actual effects of the project and the effects that could be achieved in theory.

#### *4.2. Quantitative Evaluation Method*

To solve the problem of how to precisely quantify externalities caused by reconstruction and reuse projects, many researchers have focused on research pertaining to quantitative evaluation methods in recent years. On the basis of the "three-pillars approach", Qian Yan, et al., introduced a weighted index in relation to stakeholder demands

and built a sustainability indicator system for industrial heritage reuse that includes social, economic and environmental dimensions to quantitatively evaluate the social, economic and environmental benefits of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse projects [79]. Federico Dell'Anna estimated the economic impact of the reconstruction and reuse project implemented in the Turin's Aurora district (Northern Italy) and focused on the real estate market in the surrounding areas in recent years using an econometric model [83]. Similarly, Liu Guiwen [84], Zhao Qinna [85], Wei Xinna [86], etc., discussed the impact of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse projects on surrounding housing prices. The research of Liu Guiwen and Zhao Qinna focused on one case or a group of cases. By using different analytical models, they concluded that reconstruction and reuse projects had a significant effect on the price of surrounding housing. Wei Xinna further explored the impact of different types of reconstruction and reuse projects on housing prices in the surrounding areas and concluded that reconstruction and reuse projects that are oriented toward commercial and cultural facilities can relatively improve housing prices in the region. In addition, Bäing and Wong used data analysis to assess the impact of the reconstruction and reuse project of Salford Quays in England on the community [38]. Ioannis Vardopoulos used the DEMATEL model to find out what elements of reconstruction and reuse projects can promote local sustainable development. He also evaluated the pattern and extent of interaction between these different factors [87]. Hence, it is predictable that quantitative evaluation methods have been prominent in this field.

#### *4.3. Individuals as Main Evaluation Target*

The results of the research conducted in the past five years on industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse have shown that individuals have become the main targets of the evaluation of the effects of these heritage projects; individual perception has become the main component of these evaluations, which is a shift from previous approaches that focused too much of projects themselves. This shift reflects changes in the concept of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse. In the past, industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse were carried out as a way to protect heritage; nowadays, the main goal has become to promote social development and meet social needs via protection.

Based on the phenomenological method, Yasemin Mesda and Sevinc Kurt studied the spatial experience of individuals in the Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre, a museum that emerged out of the transformation of industrial architectural heritage in Cyprus. Through multisensory analysis, these scholars grasped the emotions and attitudes of individuals in that space to evaluate the effects of reconstruction and reuse [88]. Márton Berki also focused on the experience of individuals in the reused space. He focused on groups such as tourists. Through questionnaires, he studied how tourists understood and approached the venue and the ways in which they used the venue to assess the success of the reconstruction and reuse project [89]. Stanislav Martinat, et al., not only focused on tourists but also on how residents perceived a series of industrial brown land reuse projects, and they summarized people's experience in industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse projects [90]. Eujin Julia Kim and Patrick Miller also focused on residents' perception of industrial brownfields after reconstruction and reuse [91]. Hence, individuals' subjective experience has become an important starting point for most researchers to evaluate the effects of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse projects, and tourists and residents have become important targets for researchers.
