**3. Preserving, Managing and Reusing the No-Ras Qanat**

In this section, we describe, in detail, the actors, beneficiaries and the activities that are proposed for the conservation and reuse of the No-Ras qanat, based on the guidelines of the ICOMOS-IFLA document. In fact, although the project has not started yet, numerous contacts with these actors have started and the feasibility of the proposed activities has, so far, been positively evaluated. It is crucial for the design, conservation, management and reuse strategies of the qanat to consider all the stakeholders, their skills, necessities and added value. To facilitate this, Salek [66] recently proposed to apply Actor-Network Theories (ATN) [67,68] to the specific case of qanats to develop a solid network of stakeholders (in our case, defined as actors and beneficiaries). For the scope of our study, ATN stages will be applied to different activities. For example, Sections 3.1 and 3.2, aiming at identifying the actors and beneficiaries, their function, interconnections and necessities in relation to the No-Ras qanat, are consistent with the earliest phases of the ATN, named *Problematization* and *Interessment*.
