*Article* **Planning Method and Principles of the Cloud Energy Storage Applied in the Power Grid Based on Charging and Discharging Load Model for Distributed Energy Storage Devices**

**Junfang Li 1,\*, Yue Xing <sup>2</sup> and Donghui Zhang <sup>2</sup>**


**Abstract:** The cloud energy storage system (CES) is a shared distributed energy storage resource. The random disordered charging and discharging of large-scale distributed energy storage equipment has a great impact on the power grid. This paper solves two problems. On one hand, to present detailed plans for designing an orderly controlled CES system in a realistic power system. On the other hand, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is used for analyzing the load curves of five types of distributed energy storage systems to manage and operate the CES system. A method of its planning and the principles of CES for applied in a power grid, are presented by analyzing the impact based on five load curves including the electric vehicle (EV), the ice storage system, the demand response, the heat storage system, and the decentralized electrochemical energy storage system. The MCS simulates the random charging and discharging of the system over a five-year planned scaling of distributed energy storage from 2021 through 2025. The influence of distributed energy storage systems on power grid capacity, load characteristics, and safety margins is researched to summarize the applicable fields of CES in supporting large power grids. Finally, important conclusions are summarized and other research possibilities in this field are presented. This paper represents a significant reference for planners.

**Keywords:** cloud energy storage system; demand response; electric vehicles; ice storage system; load modelling; Monte Carlo simulation; power system planning; shared distributed energy storage system
