*2.1. Potential*

Qatar has vast potential for solar energy investment, positioning itself as a leader in clean energy exports. Factors such as high sun hours, market experience, and financial capacity make Qatar an ideal location for solar energy ventures [6]. Qatar is well-suited for solar energy investments, with an average of 3600 h of direct solar radiation annually [7]. The country is committed to reducing its carbon footprint and aims to generate 20% of its energy from renewables by 2030, with solar energy playing a significant role [8].

A recent feasibility study explored various scenarios of solar panel deployment in Qatar's residential and commercial buildings, considering panel sizes, efficiency, and daily sun exposure. Results indicated substantial potential for rooftop solar panels, generating significant energy during peak usage, particularly in hot summer months. Surplus energy could be exported to countries with high energy demands, positioning Qatar as a major contributor to solving global energy crises [2].

Qatar's extensive experience in the energy market, particularly in the oil and gas industry, can be leveraged to develop the solar energy sector and gain a competitive advantage in the global clean energy market [9]. The country's financial capacity and resources enable large-scale solar energy investments [10]. Notably, Qatar has already invested in significant solar energy projects, including the Al-Kharsaah Solar Power Plant, one of the world's largest [11]. With its potential for solar energy investment and clean energy exports, Qatar can contribute to its own energy needs, reduce carbon emissions, and address global energy demands [12]. Its high sun hours, market experience, and financial capacity make it an ideal destination for solar energy investment [2].

#### *2.2. Awareness*

Awareness plays a vital role in promoting the adoption of renewable energy resources. In Qatar, a lack of awareness has been identified as a significant challenge hindering the deployment of renewable energy [13]. To address this challenge, the government should implement projects that allow households to actively participate and experience the benefits of installing solar panels. This can effectively raise awareness throughout the nation [14]. Given Qatar's socially connected society, visible solar panels on homes would initiate conversations and spark interest in renewable energy, leading to a snowball effect of adoption [15]. The installation of solar panels serves as a strategic tool to raise awareness and drive the transition toward clean energy use [16]. Not only does it offer tangible benefits like reduced energy bills, but it also visually demonstrates individuals', businesses', and nations' commitment to reducing carbon emissions and contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts [17]. This visual representation can generate public interest and awareness of renewable energy, inspiring more individuals and businesses to embrace clean energy sources [18].

Moreover, increasing public awareness about renewable energy can garner support for policies and initiatives promoting clean energy adoption [17]. This creates a favorable environment for renewable energy investment and deployment in Qatar, encouraging businesses to invest in renewable energy projects. Therefore, enhancing public understanding of the nature and significance of clean and renewable energy sources is a crucial step in establishing them as a normative and primary component of the national energy mix. In Qatar, the installation of solar panels on homes acts as a catalyst for raising awareness and driving the transition to clean energy. By generating public interest and support for renewable energy, Qatar can contribute to global climate change mitigation efforts and foster a more sustainable future for all.

#### *2.3. Net-Zero Building Pathway*

To achieve more sustainable and energy-efficient buildings, implementing a net-zero strategy is crucial. Net-zero buildings have the capability to generate as much energy as they consume, resulting in a neutral or net-zero energy balance [19]. Currently, homes in Qatar heavily rely on external energy sources, but the installation of solar panels on rooftops can pave the way towards net-zero buildings [20]. By incorporating solar panels, homes in Qatar can reduce their dependence on conventional energy sources and promote the use of renewable energy. The region's abundant sunshine makes solar energy an ideal solution for meeting residential energy needs [13]. Local energy production allows homes

to decrease their reliance on grid-supplied electricity, which is often costly and contributes to carbon emissions [2].

Apart from the environmental advantages, transitioning to net-zero buildings can lead to significant cost savings for homeowners. By generating their own energy, homeowners can reduce their electricity bills and even potentially sell surplus energy back to the grid [19]. This introduces a new revenue stream and helps offset the upfront costs of solar panel installation [2]. Additionally, adopting a net-zero strategy improves overall energy efficiency in buildings, resulting in reduced energy consumption and lower carbon emissions. These efforts align with global initiatives to combat climate change [21]. Therefore, installing solar panels on homes in Qatar serves as a strategic step towards achieving net-zero buildings. Through localized energy production, homeowners can decrease their reliance on conventional energy sources, lower energy expenses, and contribute to global climate change mitigation [20]. Thus, implementing a net-zero strategy is essential for creating a more sustainable and energy-efficient built environment in Qatar.
