Lithium-Ion Battery (Li-Ion)

Lithium-ion batteries have been the most important form of storage in portable and mobile applications since about the year 2000. With a cell voltage of only 1.2 Volts, one lithium-ion cell may substitute three NiCd or NiMH batteries [22]. The most significant impediment is the high cost of the unique packaging and incorporated overload protection circuits. Safety is a serious problem in lithium-ion battery technology. Most metal oxide electrodes are thermally unstable and can melt at high temperatures. Lithium-ion batteries feature a monitoring device that prevents overcharging and discharging to lessen this risk [22]. A voltage regulation circuit is often provided to monitor and avoid voltage changes in each individual cell. Lithium-ion battery technology is constantly improving, with plenty of possibilities for advancement. The evolution of cathode materials is being studied [22–26]. The construction of typical Li-ion battery module is depicted in Figure 5.
