*4.4. Reagent Dissolution*

TP, T3, TOS, and T3E were dissolved using ethanol. Bortezomib was dissolved with ethanol and sonication. Also, ethanol was added to the control group in each assay.

#### *4.5. Cellular Fractionation*

H2452 cells were cultured at a density of 1 × 106 cells in a 10 cm dish for 24 h and were then treated with each agent for 12 h. After the treatment, cells were collected and fractionated into cytoplasm and nucleus fractions using NE-PER™ nuclear and cytoplasmic extract reagent kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

#### *4.6. Cell Viability*

The WST-8 assay was performed to evaluate the effects of each reagent on the viability of H2452, PANC1, and A549. Cells were seeded on a 96-well plate (5 × <sup>10</sup><sup>3</sup> cells/well), cultured for 24 h, and subsequently treated with each reagent for the indicated period as described in each figure legend. After each treatment, 10 μL of WST-8 solution was applied to each well containing 100 μL of the cell suspension and incubated at 37 ◦C for a further 30 min in 5% CO2. Color development was monitored at 450 nm using a multi-well plate reader (SUNRISE Rainbow RC-R, Tecan Japan, Kanagawa, Japan).
