**1. Introduction**

Lung cancer is one of the biggest causes of death around the world. The results of the International Agency for Research on Cancer Global Cancer Observatory related to Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2018 showed that 58.5% of the world's lung cancer cases occurred in Asia. More than 85% of all lung cancers are non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Adenocarcinoma is one type of NSCLC and is the most common type of lung cancer, in all patients and among non-smokers, globally [1]. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are conventional therapies that are still applied to reduce or delay deaths from NSCLC [2]. In the last few decades, despite advances in antibody-based NSCLC treatment technology, applied in combination with conventional therapies, such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab, the administration of therapy has not been optimal [3,4].

The side effects of therapy have prompted scientists to find innovative sources of new anti-cancer compounds from natural sources, including traditional herbal plants [1,5]. Herbal plants can provide beneficial effects through natural bioactive compounds found in tumor cases, including helping to overcome side effects or intrinsic radioresistance, preventing metastases, and improving quality of life and patient survival rates [6]. Holy

**Citation:** Kustiati, U.; Ergün, S.; Karnati, S.; Nugrahaningsih, D.A.A.; Kusindarta, D.L.; Wihadmadyatami, H. Ethanolic Extract of *Ocimum sanctum* Linn. Inhibits Cell Migration of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (A549) by Downregulation of Integrin αvβ3, α5β1, and VEGF. *Sci. Pharm.* **2022**, *90*, 69. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/scipharm90040069

Academic Editor: Barbara De Filippis

Received: 22 August 2022 Accepted: 10 October 2022 Published: 31 October 2022

**Publisher's Note:** MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

**Copyright:** © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

basil (*Ocimum sanctum* Linn.) is a native Indonesian plant that is often found in the yards of houses, and it is widely consumed by the community as a complement to cuisine. Previous research on the ethanolic extract of *Ocimum sanctum* Linn. showed its ability to induce in vitro apoptosis in A-549 cells (human lung adenocarcinoma) [7,8] and inhibit angiogenesis [9]. In vivo, the ethanolic extract of *Ocimum sanctum* Linn. was shown to induce apoptosis [7] and inhibit metastasis [10] in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells.
