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Amperometric Sensing

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2020) | Viewed by 24692

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Rachele Guascito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Università del Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
Interests: electrochemistry, (bio)sensors, surface analysis, thin (bio)films, nano materials, CMEs
Dr. Francesco Milano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
Interests: proteins, photosynthesis, drug delivery, (bio)sensors, electrochemistry, thin (bio)films
Dr. Livia Giotta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: chemical sensors; photoactive proteins; thin organic films; infrared spectroscopy; liposomes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In modern society, there is an increasing demand for selective, fast, low-cost, portable, and user-friendly detection methods for a wide range of target molecules of interest for human health, environment, and food industries.

The above-mentioned characteristics can be met by Amperometric Sensing  technology, which combines innovations in material science (i.e., micro- and nano-structures) with electrochemical and analytical methods that are rapidly evolving.

Concomitantly with the development of novel electrode materials, the optimization of the sensing system has become more complex, requiring competences in several qualified fields spanning from chemistry, biology, physics, and molecular biology, to nanotechnology, micro-fabrication, and electronic engineering. Although much research has been carried out so far in this area, many technological aspects remain to be optimized and represent open challenges for the scientific community. In particular, recent efforts are aimed at fulfilling the request of miniaturized, wearable, and disposable devices.

This Special Issue invites original research papers and review articles aiming to discuss the key points of the development and use of amperometric sensing systems by pointing out both the merits and limits they present.

Dr. Guascito Maria Rachele
Dr. Francesco Milano
Dr. Livia Giotta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • (Bio)sensor 
  • Amperometric detection 
  • Modified electrodes 
  • New electrode materials 
  • Enzymatic
  • Non-enzymatic 
  • Lab-on-chip
  • Microfluidic

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3569 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling and Investigation of Amperometric Biosensors with Perforated Membranes
by Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh, Mohammadhosein Heidarshenas, Mohammad Ghalambaz, Aminreza Noghrehabadi and Mohsen Saffari Pour
Sensors 2020, 20(10), 2910; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102910 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3388
Abstract
The present paper aims to investigate the influence of perforated membrane geometry on the performance of biosensors. For this purpose, a 2-D axisymmetric model of an amperometric biosensor is analyzed. The governing equations describing the reaction-diffusion equations containing a nonlinear term related to [...] Read more.
The present paper aims to investigate the influence of perforated membrane geometry on the performance of biosensors. For this purpose, a 2-D axisymmetric model of an amperometric biosensor is analyzed. The governing equations describing the reaction-diffusion equations containing a nonlinear term related to the Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the enzymatic reaction are introduced. The partial differential governing equations, along with the boundary conditions, are first non-dimensionalized by using appropriate dimensionless variables and then solved in a non-uniform unstructured grid by employing the Galerkin Finite Element Method. To examine the impact of the hole-geometry of the perforated membrane, seven different geometries—including cylindrical, upward circular cone, downward circular cone, upward paraboloid, downward paraboloid, upward concave paraboloid, and downward concave paraboloid—are studied. Moreover, the effects of the perforation level of the perforated membrane, the filling level of the enzyme on the transient and steady-state current of the biosensor, and the half-time response are presented. The results of the simulations show that the transient and steady-state current of the biosensor are affected by the geometry dramatically. Thus, the sensitivity of the biosensor can be influenced by different hole-geometries. The minimum and maximum output current can be obtained from the cylindrical and upward concave paraboloid holes. On the other hand, the least half-time response of the biosensor can be obtained in the cylindrical geometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amperometric Sensing)
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12 pages, 1574 KiB  
Article
KickStat: A Coin-Sized Potentiostat for High-Resolution Electrochemical Analysis
by Orlando S. Hoilett, Jenna F. Walker, Bethany M. Balash, Nicholas J. Jaras, Sriram Boppana and Jacqueline C. Linnes
Sensors 2020, 20(8), 2407; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082407 - 23 Apr 2020
Cited by 57 | Viewed by 13560
Abstract
The demand for wearable and point-of-care devices has led to an increase in electrochemical sensor development to measure an ever-increasing array of biological molecules. In order to move from the benchtop to truly portable devices, the development of new biosensors requires miniaturized instrumentation [...] Read more.
The demand for wearable and point-of-care devices has led to an increase in electrochemical sensor development to measure an ever-increasing array of biological molecules. In order to move from the benchtop to truly portable devices, the development of new biosensors requires miniaturized instrumentation capable of making highly sensitive amperometric measurements. To meet this demand, we have developed KickStat, a miniaturized potentiostat that combines the small size of the integrated Texas Instruments LMP91000 potentiostat chip (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA) with the processing power of the ARM Cortex-M0+ SAMD21 microcontroller (Microchip Technology, Chandler, AZ, USA) on a custom-designed 21.6 mm by 20.3 mm circuit board. By incorporating onboard signal processing via the SAMD21, we achieve 1 mV voltage increment resolution and an instrumental limit of detection of 4.5 nA in a coin-sized form factor. This elegant engineering solution allows for high-resolution electrochemical analysis without requiring extensive circuitry. We measured the faradaic current of an anti-cocaine aptamer using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry and demonstrated that KickStat’s response was within 0.6% of a high-end benchtop potentiostat. To further support others in electrochemical biosensors development, we have made KickStat’s design and firmware available in an online GitHub repository. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amperometric Sensing)
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11 pages, 1775 KiB  
Article
Development of Flexible Dispense-Printed Electrochemical Immunosensor for Aflatoxin M1 Detection in Milk
by Biresaw Demelash Abera, Aniello Falco, Pietro Ibba, Giuseppe Cantarella, Luisa Petti and Paolo Lugli
Sensors 2019, 19(18), 3912; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19183912 - 11 Sep 2019
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 4149
Abstract
Detection of mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), in milk is crucial to be able to guarantee food quality and safety. In recent years, biosensors have been emerging as a fast, reliable and low-cost technique for the detection of this toxin. In this work, [...] Read more.
Detection of mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), in milk is crucial to be able to guarantee food quality and safety. In recent years, biosensors have been emerging as a fast, reliable and low-cost technique for the detection of this toxin. In this work, flexible biosensors were fabricated using dispense-printed electrodes, which were functionalized with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and subsequently coated with specific antibodies to improve their sensitivity. Next, the immunosensor was tested for the detection of AFM1 in buffer solution and a spiked milk sample using a chronoamperometric technique. Results showed that the working range of the sensors was 0.01 µg/L at minimum and 1 µg/L at maximum in both buffer and spiked milk. The lower limit of detection of the SWCNT-functionalized sensor was 0.02 µg/L, which indicates an improved sensitivity compared to the sensors reported so far. The sensitivity and detection range were in accordance with the limitation values imposed by regulations on milk and its products. Therefore, considering the low fabrication cost, the ease of operation, and the rapid read-out, the use of this sensor could contribute to safeguarding consumers’ health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amperometric Sensing)
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Review

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17 pages, 906 KiB  
Review
Modern Electrode Technologies for Ion and Molecule Sensing
by William S. Skinner and Keat Ghee Ong
Sensors 2020, 20(16), 4568; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164568 - 14 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2853
Abstract
In high concentrations, ionic species can be toxic in the body, catalyzing unwanted bioreactions, inhibiting enzymes, generating free radicals, in addition to having been associated with diseases like Alzheimer’s and cancer. Although ionic species are ubiquitous in the environment in trace amounts, high [...] Read more.
In high concentrations, ionic species can be toxic in the body, catalyzing unwanted bioreactions, inhibiting enzymes, generating free radicals, in addition to having been associated with diseases like Alzheimer’s and cancer. Although ionic species are ubiquitous in the environment in trace amounts, high concentrations of these metals are often found within industrial and agricultural waste runoff. Therefore, it remains a global interest to develop technologies capable of quickly and accurately detecting trace levels of ionic species, particularly in aqueous environments that naturally contain other competing/inhibiting ions. Herein, we provide an overview of the technologies that have been developed, including the general theory, design, and benefits/challenges associated with ion-selective electrode technologies (carrier-doped membranes, carbon-based varieties, enzyme inhibition electrodes). Notable variations of these electrodes will be highlighted, and a brief overview of associated electrochemical techniques will be given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amperometric Sensing)
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