Serum Levels of Substance P and Mortality in Patients with a Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethical Adherence
4.2. Design and Subjects
4.3. Variables Recorded
4.4. Blood Sample Collection
4.5. Substance P (SP) Assay
4.6. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Alpha Assay
4.7. Statistical Methods
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Survivors (n = 30) | Non-Survivors (n = 31) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
TNF-alpha (pg/mL)—median (p. 25–75) | 9.5 (9.1–12.1) | 13.0 (10.7–14.4) | 0.01 |
Temperature (°C)—median (p. 25–75) | 36.4 (35.6–37.0) | 37.0 (36.0–37.4) | 0.15 |
Temperature (°C)—median (p. 25–75) | 36.4 (35.6–37.0) | 37.0 (36.0–37.4) | 0.15 |
Substance P (pg/mL)—median (p. 25–75) | 282 (50–620) | 586 (397–990) | <0.001 |
Sodium (mEq/L)—median (p. 25–75) | 139 (136–145) | 140 (139–144) | 0.42 |
Platelets—median × 103/mm3 (p. 25–75) | 218 (171–283) | 165 (128–209) | 0.003 |
PaO2 (mmHg)—median (p. 25–75) | 130 (101–194) | 114 (86–153) | 0.38 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio—median (p. 25–75) | 282 (198–369) | 242 (181–325) | 0.17 |
Leukocytes—median × 103/mm3 (p. 25–75) | 12.8 (9.6–17.1) | 13.8 (9.3–18.9) | 0.67 |
Lactic acid (mmol/L)—median (p. 25–75) | 1.30 (0.90–1.70) | 1.45 (1.00–2.63) | 0.18 |
INR—median (p. 25–75) | 1.09 (1.01–1.20) | 1.20 (1.04–1.31) | 0.11 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL)—median (p. 25–75) | 12.2 (11.4–14.8) | 13.7 (11.0–15.0) | 0.95 |
Glycemia (g/dL)—median (p. 25–75) | 128 (101–170) | 135 (100–159) | 0.93 |
GCS score—median (p. 25–75) | 7 (6–8) | 6 (3–8) | 0.04 |
Gender female—n (%) | 13 (43.3) | 11 (35.5) | 0.61 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)—median (p. 25–75) | 443 (355–518) | 417 (323–622) | 0.86 |
Decompressive craniectomy—n (%) | 8 (26.7) | 5 (16.1) | 0.36 |
Creatinine (mg/dL)—median (p. 25–75) | 0.80 (0.60–1.13) | 1.00 (0.79–1.23) | 0.09 |
Bilirubin (mg/dL)—median (p. 25–75) | 0.65 (0.40–0.93) | 0.70 (0.35–1.13) | 0.94 |
aPTT (seconds)—median (p. 25–75) | 28 (26–30) | 27 (26–33) | 0.75 |
APACHE-II score—median (p. 25–75) | 20 (16–25) | 22 (19–27) | 0.20 |
Age (years)—median (p. 25–75) | 58 (47–67) | 64 (53–70) | 0.07 |
Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p |
---|---|---|---|
Serum levels of substance P > 362 pg/mL | 5.33 | 1.541–18.470 | 0.008 |
Glasgow Coma Scale | 0.72 | 0.529–0.990 | 0.04 |
Age (years) | 1.03 | 0.986–1.082 | 0.17 |
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Lorente, L.; Martín, M.M.; Almeida, T.; Pérez-Cejas, A.; Ramos, L.; Argueso, M.; Riaño-Ruiz, M.; Solé-Violán, J.; Hernández, M. Serum Levels of Substance P and Mortality in Patients with a Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060991
Lorente L, Martín MM, Almeida T, Pérez-Cejas A, Ramos L, Argueso M, Riaño-Ruiz M, Solé-Violán J, Hernández M. Serum Levels of Substance P and Mortality in Patients with a Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(6):991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060991
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorente, Leonardo, María M. Martín, Teresa Almeida, Antonia Pérez-Cejas, Luis Ramos, Mónica Argueso, Marta Riaño-Ruiz, Jordi Solé-Violán, and Mariano Hernández. 2016. "Serum Levels of Substance P and Mortality in Patients with a Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 6: 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060991