PEPITEM Treatment Ameliorates EAE in Mice by Reducing CNS Inflammation, Leukocyte Infiltration, Demyelination, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PEPITEM Reduces Axonal Damage and Demyelination in the Spinal Cord of the EAE Model through Inhibiting the Number of Inflammatory Cells Infiltrates
2.1.1. EAE Scoring Analysis
2.1.2. Changes in Body Weights of EAE Mice
2.1.3. Histopathological Analysis
2.1.4. Protein Expression of MBP, MAP-2, and N Cadherin
2.2. PEPITEM Has an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in the Spinal Cord of the EAE Model by Controlling the Levels of IL-17 and FOXP3 in the Spinal Cord Lysate
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Reagents
4.4. Induction of EAE Animal Model
4.5. PEPITEM Treatment
4.6. Animal Observations
4.7. Tissues Collection
4.8. Histopathological Analysis
4.9. Immunohistochemistry
4.10. Spinal Cord Homogenate Preparation
4.11. Western Blot Analysis
4.12. Quantification of the Serum and Spinal Cord Levels of FOXP3 and IL-17
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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G1 | G2 | G3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Starting number of mice | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Mice that developed EAE after (10 ± 1) days | 0 | 10 | 10 |
Mice excluded due to death or reached a score of 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
The final number of mice included in the statistic | 10 | 9 | 9 |
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Alassiri, M.; Al Sufiani, F.; Aljohi, M.; Alanazi, A.; Alhazmi, A.S.; Alrfaei, B.M.; Alnakhli, H.; Alshawakir, Y.A.; Alharby, S.M.; Almubarak, A.Y.; et al. PEPITEM Treatment Ameliorates EAE in Mice by Reducing CNS Inflammation, Leukocyte Infiltration, Demyelination, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417243
Alassiri M, Al Sufiani F, Aljohi M, Alanazi A, Alhazmi AS, Alrfaei BM, Alnakhli H, Alshawakir YA, Alharby SM, Almubarak AY, et al. PEPITEM Treatment Ameliorates EAE in Mice by Reducing CNS Inflammation, Leukocyte Infiltration, Demyelination, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(24):17243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417243
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlassiri, Mohammed, Fahd Al Sufiani, Mohammed Aljohi, Asma Alanazi, Aiman Saud Alhazmi, Bahauddeen M. Alrfaei, Hasan Alnakhli, Yasser A. Alshawakir, Saleh M. Alharby, Abdullah Y. Almubarak, and et al. 2023. "PEPITEM Treatment Ameliorates EAE in Mice by Reducing CNS Inflammation, Leukocyte Infiltration, Demyelination, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24: 17243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417243