Breathomics in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Symptoms Control and Lung Function
2.3. Metabolomics Analysis
2.3.1. Asthmatic Group at Recruitment (T0) vs. Controls
2.3.2. Asthmatic Group after Three Weeks of Treatment (T1) vs. Controls
2.3.3. Asthmatic Group at Recruitment (T0) vs. Asthmatic Group after Three Weeks of Treatment (T1)
2.3.4. Putative Markers Annotation
2.3.5. Target Metabolomics Analysis: Urinary Steroids
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Population
4.2. Study Design
4.3. Metabolomic Analysis
4.3.1. EBC and Urine Collection
4.3.2. UPLC-MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) Analysis of EBC
4.3.3. Analysis of Urinary Steroids and BDP
4.3.4. Data Preprocessing
4.3.5. Statistical Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
UPLC-MS Analysis of EBC
Time (min) | Flow (mL/min) | % A | % B |
---|---|---|---|
initial | 0.2 | 90 | 10 |
1.00 | 0.2 | 90 | 10 |
3.50 | 0.2 | 70 | 30 |
6.50 | 0.2 | 5 | 95 |
8.00 | 0.2 | 5 | 95 |
11.00 | 0.2 | 90 | 10 |
Time (min) | Flow mL/min | % A | % B |
---|---|---|---|
Initial | 0.500 | 98 | 2 |
0.50 | 0.500 | 98 | 2 |
1.50 | 0.500 | 0.0 | 100 |
2.00 | 0.500 | 0.0 | 100 |
3.00 | 0.500 | 0.0 | 100 |
5.00 | 0.500 | 98 | 2 |
10.00 | 0.200 | 98 | 2 |
10.01 | 0.200 | 98 | 2 |
11.00 | 0.500 | 98 | 2 |
Appendix B
Analysis of Urinary Steroids and BDP
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Heading | Asthmatic Children | Healthy Children | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 9.1 (6.5, 13.4) | 10.2 (6.2,14.4) | 0.16 | ||
Sex (male/female) | 20/6 | 11/5 | 0.72 | ||
BMI | 17.0 (14.2, 21.7) | 17.9 (14.3, 25.0) | 0.18 | ||
Allergic (yes/no) | 23/3 | 0/16 | <0.001 | ||
T0 | T1 | ||||
FEV1 | Z-score % predicted | −0.59 (−2.54, +1.38) 92.87 (69.19, 116.55) | −0.35 (−2.07, +1.37) 95.69 (75.73, 115.65) | −0.16 (−1.54, +1.22) 97.99 (81.67, 114.31) | 0.07 a 0.23 b 0.01 c |
FEF 25–75 | Z-score % predicted | −0.22 (−2.06, +1.62) 95.71 (52.27, 139.15) | −0.10 (−2.08, +1.88) 98.52 (50.76, 146.28) | 0.33 (1.23, 1.89) 108.49 (70.75, 146.23) | 0.02 a 0.07 b 0.08 c |
m/z | Retention Time (min) | Adduct | Annotation | Class |
---|---|---|---|---|
172.1332 | 4.42 | M − H | 9-amino-nonanoic acid | omega-amino fatty acids |
198.1864 | 4.92 | M + H − H2O | 12-amino-dodecanoic acid | omega-amino fatty acids |
295.1543 | 5.53 | M − H | lactone of PGF-MUM | prostaglandins |
371.2280 | 2.84 | M + H − NH3, M + H | N-linoleoyl taurine | N-acyl amides |
415.2546 | 3.12 | M + H − NH3, M + H | 17-phenoxy trinor PGF2α ethyl amide | prostaglandins |
520.3342 | 3.58 | M + H − NH3, M + H | lysoPC (18:2(9Z,12Z)) | mono glycerophospholipids |
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Ferraro, V.A.; Carraro, S.; Pirillo, P.; Gucciardi, A.; Poloniato, G.; Stocchero, M.; Giordano, G.; Zanconato, S.; Baraldi, E. Breathomics in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids. Metabolites 2020, 10, 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10100390
Ferraro VA, Carraro S, Pirillo P, Gucciardi A, Poloniato G, Stocchero M, Giordano G, Zanconato S, Baraldi E. Breathomics in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids. Metabolites. 2020; 10(10):390. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10100390
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerraro, Valentina Agnese, Silvia Carraro, Paola Pirillo, Antonina Gucciardi, Gabriele Poloniato, Matteo Stocchero, Giuseppe Giordano, Stefania Zanconato, and Eugenio Baraldi. 2020. "Breathomics in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids" Metabolites 10, no. 10: 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10100390