Search Results (3,140)

The present study investigated the effect of a 3D-printed nanocomposite scaffold on bone healing in vivo. The scaffolds used were made from the bioresorbable thermoplastic polycaprolactone polymer, blended with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes functionalized with chitosan, and manufactured with a rectilinear infill pattern and interconnected pores of 500 μm in size. The study included three groups of 10 Wistar rats, in which a 2 mm bone defect was created in the middle of the right femur. In the scaffold/peptide group, the gap was filled with the scaffold loaded with a peptide corresponding to human pleiotrophin amino acids 48-56 (PTN_48-56), and the fracture was stabilized with a 12 mm K-wire as an intramedullary nail. In the scaffold group, the scaffold did not contain the peptide, and in the control group, the bone defect was stabilized without the use of a scaffold. Radiological examination revealed that bone healing was achieved on average in 6.6 weeks in the scaffold/peptide group, 7.2 weeks in the scaffold group, and 8.1 weeks in the control group. Histopathological examination performed 2 weeks postoperatively showed that angiogenesis in the scaffold/peptide group was 1.5 times higher than in the scaffold group and 2.5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, our osteo-inductive 3D-printed scaffold covered with PTN_48-56 is a promising option for accelerating bone defect healing. Full article

Heat stress is a major constraint to productivity and physiological homeostasis in laying hens. This study investigated integrated responses to acute heat stress using a multi-omics approach, including performance traits, serum biochemical parameters, histology, hepatic transcriptomics, cecal metagenomics, and metabolomics. Acute heat stress impaired productive performance, as reflected by changes in egg production and reduced eggshell strength, and induced systemic physiological disturbances, including increased stress- and injury-related blood indicators and disrupted metabolic and electrolyte balance. Histological analysis confirmed liver and intestinal tissue damage. Hepatic transcriptomics revealed inflammatory activation and suppression of metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in lipid metabolism, energy production, and redox homeostasis. Cecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses showed altered microbial composition and functional potential, along with disruptions in amino acid, lipid, and energy metabolism. Collectively, these findings suggest that acute heat stress is associated with coordinated inflammatory responses and metabolic reprogramming, together with liver and intestinal injury and gut microbiota–metabolite alterations. The study provides a framework for understanding early heat stress responses and highlights potential targets for nutritional and microbiota-based interventions in poultry production. Importantly, serum biochemical indicators such as D-lactic acid and aspartate aminotransferase may serve as potential early biomarkers for monitoring heat-stress-induced physiological disturbances. Full article

Natural attenuation is a potential way to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) contamination, but the microbial mechanisms that explain differences in attenuation performance between soil and groundwater remain unclear. In this study, field investigation and metagenomic analysis were conducted at a decommissioned refinery site with more than 20 years of operation. Over a four-year period, the average TPH degradation rate in the soil attenuation zone reached 307.7 ± 135.2 mg kg⁻¹ year⁻¹, whereas the groundwater attenuation group showed an average degradation rate of 5.2 ± 3.6 mg L⁻¹ year⁻¹. Metagenomic results showed that TPH attenuation in soil and groundwater was associated with two different microbial consortia adapted to local conditions. In soil, the attenuation zone was characterized by a possibly sessile and cooperative consortium dominated by Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota, with Sphingomonas and Nocardioides as representative genera. The consortium showed broader amino acid metabolic potential (e.g., ko00250, ko00260, and ko00310) and a higher abundance of functions related to biofilm formation and quorum sensing, which may promote stable and surface-attached growth. In groundwater, the attenuation zone was characterized by a possibly motile and more specialized consortium dominated by Pseudomonadota, including Novosphingobium, Sphingorhabdus, and Tabrizicola. The consortium possessed a less complex catabolic network for TPHs and intermediates (e.g., ko01220/ko00621/ko00624; nahAc/catE/fadA/pcaD/atoB), coupled with stronger potential for motility and secretion. In both soil and groundwater, attenuation was associated with lower eukaryotic activity and enrichment of prokaryotic functions related to oxidative stress defenses and high-yield respiration. These results showed that natural attenuation of TPHs in soil and groundwater involved different microbial features, which could improve the evaluation of natural attenuation in heterogeneous environments. Full article

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Allium mongolicum Regel essential oil (AMO) supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle amino acid profile in finishing lambs. A total of twenty male Dorper × Han crossbred lambs (body weight = 32.5 ± 2.5 kg, 4–4.5 months old) were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments (n = 10 per group): a control group fed a basal diet (roughage to concentrate ratio of 45:55) or an AMO group supplemented with 56 mg/d of AMO per lamb. The trial consisted of a 15-day adaptation period followed by a 60-day experimental period. At the end of the trial, six lambs were randomly selected from each group for slaughter. Samples of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected to determine meat quality traits, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles. Supplementation increased average daily gain by 6.6% and improved feed conversion ratio by 4.6% (p < 0.05), whereas feed intake and final body weight were not affected (p > 0.05). In LT, GR tissue depth and loin muscle area were increased (p < 0.05). Drip loss was reduced (p < 0.05), whereas proximate composition, cooking loss, and shear force remained unchanged (p > 0.05). The hydrolyzed amino acid composition and protein nutritional value of LT were not affected (p > 0.05). However, total free amino acid (FAA), total essential FAA, and the concentrations of free leucine, isoleucine, lysine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and cysteine were increased by supplementation (p < 0.05). Moreover, flavor-related FAA, including umami-, sweet-, and bitter/sweet/sulfurous-related FAA were also increased by supplementation (p < 0.05). These results indicate that AMO improves growth efficiency and enhances LT meat quality, particularly by increasing flavor-related FAA, without altering protein nutritional characteristics. Full article

Background: Mitochondrial genomes provide valuable information on evolutionary relationships among organisms and on the selective pressures acting on energy metabolism, increasing their relevance in ecological and environmental genomics studies. Haemulon plumierii is a reef-associated fish distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea and has been proposed as a bioindicator species within the Mesoamerican Reef System. Methods: In this study, we present a high-quality mitochondrial genome of H. plumierii from the southeastern coast of Mexico generated using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing. Results: The circular mitogenome is 16,823 bp long and contains the complete set of 37 canonical mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and one control region (D-loop). The gene order, strand orientation, and tRNA secondary structures were consistent with the conserved vertebrate mitochondrial architecture. Comparative analyses with closely related haemulid species revealed conserved nucleotide composition patterns, negative GC skew values, strong AT enrichment within the D-loop, and highly conserved mitochondrial synteny. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on complete mitochondrial genomes placed H. plumierii firmly within the Haemulon clade. Selective pressure analyses revealed pervasive purifying selection acting on mitochondrial protein-coding genes, supported by low dN/dS ratios, high amino acid identity, constrained nucleotide diversity in cytochrome oxidase genes, and conserved codon usage patterns shaped primarily by AT-driven mutational bias. Pairwise genetic distance analyses further supported moderate interspecific divergence within Caribbean Haemulon species. Conclusions: Overall, the mitogenomic resource generated here provides an important evolutionary and functional framework for future phylogenetic, ecological, and environmental genomics studies in Caribbean reef fishes. Full article

Life demonstrates remarkable homochirality of its major building blocks: nucleic acids, amino acids, sugars, and phospholipids. Phospholipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) are formed at the water/air interface from Langmuir layers and contain ribose, a constituent of primordial water. Although the primordial ribose was initially racemic, life, as we know it, is homochiral, with d-ribose and its derivatives as the predominant forms. The phospholipid membrane’s permeability to d-ribose, together with ribose’s interaction with the bilayer’s charged phosphate groups, leads to ribose phosphorylation, yielding d-ribose-5-phosphate. Once inside, the d-ribose-5-phosphate molecules cannot cross the membrane. A similar path also exists for l-ribose, but with a lower rate. Therefore, overall, this process is enantioselective, favoring the buildup of d-ribose over l-ribose. Through liposome fusion, fission, and self-replication, this eventually leads to the Darwinian evolution of these structures and to the conversion of d-ribose-5-phosphate into complex functional molecules, such as ribozymes and RNA, and eventually into DNA, all of which inherit d-ribose’s chirality. Full article

Oocyte maturation is a pivotal event in teleost reproduction that directly determines egg quality, fertilization success, and the developmental competence of early embryos. However, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms operating within oocytes during maturation in marine teleosts remain poorly understood. In the present study, the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), an economically important marine aquaculture species, was used as a model. Oocytes at four distinct maturation stages were obtained by microscopically removing the surrounding follicular layers, followed by integrated mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq analyses to characterize the molecular regulatory landscape underlying oocyte maturation and hydration. The results showed that, as maturation progressed, oocyte diameter and wet weight increased significantly, accompanied by a marked decrease in Na⁺ content, a significant increase in K⁺ content, and the continuous accumulation of most free amino acids, indicating the gradual establishment of an osmotic basis favorable for oocyte hydration. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed extensive transcriptional remodeling during both the early and late phases of maturation. Differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to oocyte meiosis, cytokine signaling, lipid metabolism, DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome function, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial activity, suggesting that oocyte maturation is a dynamic process characterized by a shift from basal growth maintenance to metabolic reprogramming, maternal transcript remodeling, and terminal maturation responses. miRNA profiling identified a large number of stage-specific differentially expressed miRNAs, including let-7d-5p, miR-22a-3p, and novel-miR-20/27/118, whose predicted target genes were mainly enriched in ribosome-related pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. Moreover, the miRNA–TF–mRNA regulatory network demonstrated that miRNAs may not only directly repress target genes, but also mediate hierarchical regulatory cascades through transcription factors, thereby coordinately participating in cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal remodeling, vesicular transport, and immune- and cell communication-related responses. Collectively, this study provides the first systematic temporal atlas of mRNA and miRNA regulation during oocyte maturation and hydration at the oocyte level in a marine teleost, thereby deepening our understanding of the molecular basis of meiotic resumption and egg quality formation, and offering valuable theoretical support for the optimization of artificial breeding and the identification of key molecular targets in grouper reproduction. Full article

Saline-alkaline water is increasingly used for aquaculture. Qihe crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is one of the major economic aquacultural species in China; however, the impact of saline-alkaline water on this fish remains unclear. In this study, a 60 d chronic alkalinity stress experiment was conducted to investigate the effects on the growth, physiology, and muscle quality of Qihe crucian carp. One hundred and eighty juvenile fish (31.03 ± 0.71 g) were divided into three treatments (three replicate tanks per treatment, 20 fish per tank): a control group (freshwater), a CA20 group (20 mmol/L), and a CA40 group (40 mmol/L). Despite no effect on survival, alkalinity stress significantly impaired growth performance in both the CA20 and CA40 groups, leading to reductions in final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate. Similarly, the feed efficiency decreased with increasing alkalinity. Compared to the control group, the alkalinity groups exhibited elevated serum Na⁺ levels and higher gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity, but reduced Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase activity. For histology, chronic alkalinity stress induced several changes in the gills, including wider filaments, shortened lamellae, and the increase in interlamellar distance. Regarding muscle nutritional composition, the contents of crude protein and amino acids and the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed a downward trend with rising alkalinity. Additionally, alkalinity stress significantly decreased muscle fiber density and hardness. Taking into account both growth performance and muscle quality, the suggested aquacultural alkalinity should be controlled below 20 mmol/L for Qihe crucian carp. In conclusion, these findings supported Qihe crucian carp as a promising candidate species for saline-alkaline water aquaculture, providing a scientific basis for the utilization of this special water resource. Full article

Introduction/Background: Metformin is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, a considerable inter-individual variability in glycemic response is observed among patients. This heterogeneity suggests that metformin’s effects depend not only on drug exposure but also on the underlying metabolic and genetic factors. Methods: We applied a Gene–Environment interaction Mendelian Randomization (MR-G×E) in a cohort of 2743 individuals to investigate whether genetically influenced metabolite-HbA1c associations differ by metformin use. Metabolites associated with metformin response were used to establish metabolite-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using metabolome-wide association study (mGWAS) variants. Generated PRS were used as genetic instruments within a one-sample, modified two-stage least squares model. An interaction term between PRS and metformin use was included to assess treatment-dependent genetic effects, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and genetic ancestry (principal components). Results: Metformin use significantly modified genetically influenced associations between 18 metabolites and HbA1c. Positive and negative PRS-metformin interaction effects indicated attenuation, strengthening or reversal of baseline genetic associations under treatment. Several amino acid metabolites, palmitoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0), and carbohydrate-related metabolite 1,5-anhydroglucitol showed specific patterns under metformin use. Interestingly, several metabolites (creatinine, gamma glutamylcitrulline, N-acetylthreonine, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, glycerol-3-phosphate, 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-GPC (P-16:0), 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:2), sphingomyelin (d18:1/22:1, d18:2/22:0, d16:1/24:1), fructose, and methyl-glucopyranoside (alpha + beta)) showed no basal causal association with HbA1c but exhibited significant interaction effect with metformin use, suggesting metabolic association only in the presence of metformin. Conclusions: These findings indicate that metformin modifies the genetically influenced metabolite-HbA1c relationships, exhibiting treatment-dependent metabolic effects that are not detectable with standard MR approaches. Incorporating pharmacological context into causal inference provides new insights into the metabolic basis for the variable metformin response and helps inform precision strategies for T2D management. Full article

The multidirectional bioactivity of betulin (BN), its widespread occurrence in plants, relatively low toxicity, and acceptable safety profile make it an attractive scaffold for scientific research and potential therapeutic applications. Due to the presence of reactive functional groups (C-3-OH and C-28-OH), BN is an interesting source of new semisynthetic bioactive compounds obtained via structural modifications of the parent backbone. In our study, we designed new BN–amino acid (BNAA) molecular hybrids, aiming to exploit synergistically the properties of both components. We prepared and evaluated a total of 18 new compounds for antitumor activity against the two human cancer cell lines (HCT 116 and MCF-7) and one non-cancerous cell line (NHDF) using a standard Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The potential signaling pathways of the obtained BN derivatives were identified based on the measurement of p21 and Bax mRNA expression levels using the RT-qPCR method. We successfully synthesized a series of new BN hybrids by conjugation of the C-3 and C-28 hydroxyl groups via a succinyl (-CO-CH₂-CH₂-CO-, Suc) linker with selected amino acid methyl esters. The structures of all obtained BNAA molecular hybrids were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis (¹H and ¹³C NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Analysis of the biological activity of the obtained BN derivatives indicated that both the attached amino acids and the substituents at C3 carbon alter BN activity. The obtained BN–amino acid hybrids represent a useful platform for further optimization, especially derivatives (3a, 3e, 3f, and 7d), which showed the most relevant biological profiles in this study. Full article

Metabolic reprogramming is closely linked to tumor proliferation, invasion, and immune escape. Despite its central role in amino acid metabolism, the regulatory mechanisms of asparagine metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remain poorly characterized. Rather than focusing on canonical metabolic genes, prognostic markers were identified from co-expression modules associated with asparagine metabolism signatures. Using the TCGA database and asparagine metabolism-related gene sets, a prognostic risk-scoring model was developed through differential expression analysis, univariate Cox regression, and the LASSO algorithm and externally validated with the GEO dataset (GSE14620). Survival analysis, ROC curve evaluation, nomogram construction, scRNA-seq, GSEA, and drug sensitivity analysis were performed to systematically delineate the molecular mechanisms by which asparagine metabolism drives HCC progression. A three-gene signature comprising BOP1, SAC3D1, and PDE2A effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups. High-risk patients exhibited markedly poorer overall survival, enrichment in tumor proliferation-associated pathways, increased tumor purity, reduced immune cell infiltration, and a substantially higher TP53 mutation rate (38% vs. 13%). In contrast, the low-risk group showed enrichment in pathways linked to hepatoblastoma suppression and liver function, alongside improved predicted response to immunotherapy. Single-cell analysis identified NK cells and endothelial cells as central mediators of asparagine metabolism-driven HCC progression, with BOP1, SAC3D1, and PDE2A displaying dynamic expression patterns during differentiation. Furthermore, the high-risk group was predicted to be more sensitive to chemotherapeutics such as cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil. These findings highlight a potential interplay between nitrogen metabolism and asparagine metabolism in HCC and suggest mechanisms by which these pathways may influence NK cell and endothelial cell function to promote disease progression. This study establishes a novel prognostic model and identifies potential chemotherapeutic vulnerabilities in high-risk patients, warranting further experimental and clinical validation. Full article

In our preliminary work, a clam sauce prepared by fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 (AO) exhibited desirable flavor and quality; however, the process was prolonged (exceeding 30 d), and a high salt concentration (6–15%) was necessary to prevent spoilage. Consequently, shortening production cycle and reducing salt content without compromising product quality became a new objective. Enzymatic hydrolysis has long been recognized as an efficient approach in seasoning production, with enzyme efficacy being a key competitive factor. Accordingly, an AO-derived aminopeptidase–protease complex (AOAP) was optimized and prepared as a preparatory step. In this study, AOAP was applied to hydrolyze clam meat to evaluate its potential for producing a seasoning base. A two-step enzymatic hydrolysis process was employed. In the first step, the highest hydrolysis degree (29.1%) was achieved using alkaline protease (AP). The resulting hydrolysate was subsequently subjected to secondary hydrolysis with AOAP, achieving a degree of hydrolysis as high as 49.8%. Sensory evaluation revealed a significant reduction in bitterness and enhancement of umami in the final hydrolysate, a finding corroborated by electronic tongue analysis. Further characterization via LC-MS and amino acid (aa) analysis showed that a substantial number of bitter and umami peptides were released following AP treatment; however, the number of these peptides was markedly reduced after a subsequent AOAP hydrolysis, with concurrent substantial changes in the peptide profile. In the two-step hydrolysate, umami peptides mostly contain 3–10 aa, whereas bitter peptides typically contain only 3–5 aa. The content of free aa increased from 369.17 mg/100 g in the control to 3026.25 mg/100 g in the two-step hydrolysate, half of which were bitter, indicating the debittering efficiency of AOAP. Electronic nose analysis revealed similar flavor profile and characteristic presence of nitrogen oxides in all hydrolysates. GC-MS analysis further demonstrated that, after combined enzymatic hydrolysis, the short-chain aldehydes and ketones responsible for the fishy odor in the raw material almost completely disappeared, while long-chain aldehydes with pleasant aromas were generated. These findings suggest that the secondary hydrolysis step using AOAP can effectively improve the overall flavor profile of the clam hydrolysate, which may support its potential applicability in seasoning production, though further optimization and scale-up validation are needed. Full article

Medium-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) density maps preserve substantial information about protein secondary-structure organization; however, accurately recovering the topology and connectivity of α-helices and β-strands remains challenging due to noise, structural heterogeneity, and the intrinsic resolution limitations that obscure residue-level detail. Topology determination is a key intermediate step toward building atomic protein models from medium-resolution cryo-EM density maps. It requires identifying the correct correspondence and orientation between secondary-structure elements (SSEs), i.e., α-helices and β-strands, predicted from the amino-acid sequence and those detected in the three dimensional (3D) density map. Despite significant advances in cryo-EM reconstruction and molecular modelling, this correspondence problem remains a challenging task, particularly in the presence of noisy density maps and in large, topologically complex α/β proteins. To address this issue, we propose a fully automated, classification-based framework that infers protein secondary-structure topology directly from medium-resolution cryo-EM density maps. Specifically, we cast topology determination as a supervised classification problem in three-dimensional space, leveraging geometric learning on model-derived Cα coordinate representations to establish SSE correspondences, and a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)-based procedure to resolve density-stick directionality. Validation on a benchmark of 38 proteins spanning both simulated and experimental cryo-EM maps and covering diverse fold classes (α, β, and α/β) demonstrates strong and consistent performance. Among the evaluated predictors, the Voronoi (1-NN) classifier achieves the highest average correspondence quality, with a mean F1-score of 96.82% across the full benchmark. The framework also scales to large, topologically dense targets containing up to 65 secondary-structure elements while preserving very fast correspondence inference (<3 ms), offering a substantial improvement over prior baselines in both accuracy and computational cost. Overall, the classification-driven strategy provides reliable SSE-to-density matching and, when coupled with DTW-based direction selection, yields stronger topology constraints that directly support model building and refinement from medium-resolution cryo-EM reconstructions, while remaining easy to integrate into existing structural interpretation pipelines. Full article

Riverine detritus is a key nutritional resource for benthic consumers, yet its biochemical quality fluctuates rapidly and is poorly captured by bulk indicators such as elemental analysis. To improve assessment sensitivity, we compared two analytical approaches targeting organic nitrogen. We refined a fluorimetric assay for primary amines using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), identifying 2 M KCl as an optimal extraction medium that maximizes recovery while minimizing matrix interference. In parallel, we optimized capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) for free amino acid determination using 0.4 M ammonium carbonate. Applied to detritus from multiple river sites and seasons, both methods showed that primary amines and amino acids vary by an order of magnitude more than total nitrogen and exhibit patterns not detectable by elemental analysis, with consistent temporal trends across catchments. Primary amine-based measurements therefore provide a more sensitive and ecologically relevant assessment of detrital nutritional quality than bulk nitrogen metrics. The OPA assay is well suited for routine monitoring due to its simplicity and robustness, whereas CE-C4D enables detailed compositional profiling where amino acid speciation is required. Overall, detrital quality reflects both intrinsic properties and recent hydrological conditions, underscoring the importance of antecedent discharge and precipitation dynamics in its interpretation. Full article

Morchella sextelata a species of high nutritional and economic value, is widely cultivated. To investigate how different cultivation environments affect the soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities associated with common morel, this study established cultivation plots under three distinct settings: apple orchard canopies, dry upland fields, and paddy fields. The objective was to compare the differential impacts of common morel cultivation on soil environmental conditions across these habitats. The results indicate that cultivating common morel effectively enhances soil fertility. Across all environments, soil hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN), available potassium (AK), and organic matter content were higher than in the control. In apple orchard and dryland soils, total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphorus (AP), and pH values were also elevated compared to the control, with most differences reaching significant levels. Solid Sucrase (S-SC) activity increased in all environments compared to the control, with values of 17.52 mg/d/g in PG, 17.39 mg/d/g in HD, and 21.68 mg/d/g in DT soils. Soil Amylase (S-AL) activity was higher in PG (451.28 μg/h/g) and HD (475.38 μg/h/g) soils. In contrast, Soil-acid phosphatase (S-ACP) activity was significantly elevated in DT soil (2922.08 nmol/h/g). PG soil exhibited significantly higher activities of Solid-Catalase (S-CAT), Solid polyphenol oxidase (S-PPO), and Solid Urease (S-UE), with S-CAT reaching 952.5 μmol/h/g. Following common morel cultivation, bacterial richness and diversity decreased across all conditions, while fungal richness increased but diversity declined. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria remained the dominant bacterial group, accounting for 26.78% in PG, 28.27% in HD, and 20.05% in DT soils. Ascomycota was the predominant fungal phylum, comprising 68.03% in PG, 72.16% in HD, and 68.94% in DT soils. Predicted bacterial functional pathways were primarily associated with metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, and cellular processes. Key metabolic pathways included carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. fungal functional guilds were mainly classified as pathotrophic, pathotrophic–saprotrophic, pathotrophic–saprotrophic–symbiotrophic, and saprotrophic. Among these, saprotrophic and pathotrophic guilds showed higher abundance compared to the control. This shift is characterized by a reduction in both the diversity and abundance of beneficial microorganisms, alongside an increase in the richness of harmful microbial taxa. The combined effect of these factors disrupts the soil microbial equilibrium. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of common morel and the management of associated soils. Full article