Search Results (40)

The search for novel natural resources, such as extracts from algae and plant for use as reductants and capping agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles, may be appealing to medicine and nanotechnology. This study aimed to use Malva parviflora fruit extract as a novel source for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to evaluate their characterization. The results of biosynthesized AgNP characterization using multiple techniques, such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR analysis, and zeta potential (ZP), demonstrated that M. parviflora AgNPs exhibit a peak at 477 nm; possess needle-like and nanorod morphology with diameters ranging from 156.08 to 258.41 nm; contain –OH, C=O, C-C stretching from phenyl groups, and carbohydrates, pyranoid ring, and amide functional groups; and have a zeta potential of −21.2 mV. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the M. parviflora AgNPs was assessed against two multidrug-resistant strains, including Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Escherichia coli ESBL, with inhibition zones of 20.33 ± 0.88 mm and 13.33 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1.56 µg/mL for both. SEM revealed structural damage to the treated bacterial cells, and RAPD-PCR confirmed these genetic alterations. Additionally, M. parviflora AgNPs showed antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 0.68 mg/mL), 69% protein denaturation inhibition, and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells at concentrations above 100 µg/mL. These findings suggest that M. parviflora-based AgNPs are safe and effective for antimicrobial and biomedical applications, such as coatings for implanted medical devices, to prevent biofilm formation and facilitate drug delivery. Full article

Driven by climate change and human activities, the expansion of highly invasive moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) into coniferous forests induces a serious ecological imbalance. Its rapidly spreading underground roots significantly alter soil structure, yet the mechanisms by which this expansion affects soil detachment capacity (Dc), a key soil erosion parameter, remain unclear. While bamboo expansion modifies soil physicochemical properties and root characteristics, influencing Dc and, consequently, soil erosion resistance, the underlying mechanisms, particularly stage-specific variations, are not thoroughly understood. In this study, we examined Japanese white pine (Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.) forest (CF), moso bamboo–Japanese white pine mixed forest (MF), and moso bamboo forest (BF) as representative stages of bamboo expansion. By integrating laboratory-controlled measurements of soil physicochemical properties and root traits with field-based flume experiments, we comprehensively investigate the effects of moso bamboo expansion into CF on soil detachment capacity. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Expansion of moso bamboo significantly changed soil physicochemical properties and root characteristics. Soil bulk density was the highest in the MF (1.13 g·cm⁻³), followed by the CF (1.08 g·cm⁻³) and BF (1.03 g·cm⁻³); non-capillary porosity increased significantly with expansion (CF 0.03% to MF 0.10%); and although the stability of aggregates (MWD) increased by 24.5% from the CF to MF, root mass density (RMD) in the MF (0.0048 g·cm⁻³) was much higher than that in the CF (0.0009 g·cm⁻³). This intense root competition between forest types, combined with increased macroporosity development, compromised overall soil structural integrity. This weakening may lead to a looser soil structure during the transition phase, thereby increasing erosion risk. (2) There were significant stage differences in Dc: it was significantly higher in the MF (0.034 kg·m⁻²·s⁻¹) than in the CF (0.023 kg·m⁻²·s⁻¹) and BF (0.018 kg·m⁻²·s⁻¹), which revealed that the MF was an erosion-sensitive stage. (3) Our Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) results revealed that soil physicochemical properties (soil moisture content and soil total nitrogen) dominated Dc changes through direct effects (total effect −0.547); in comparison, root properties indirectly affected Dc by modulating soil structure (indirect effect: −0.339). The results of this study reveal the dynamics and mechanisms of Dc changes during bamboo expansion, and for the first time, we identify a distinct Dc peak during the mixed forest transition phase. These findings provide a scientific basis for moso bamboo forest management, soil erosion risk assessment, and optimization of soil and water conservation strategies. Full article

Cryopreservation is a widely used technique for long-term semen storage; however, it can induce oxidative stress, compromising sperm quality. This study examines the effect of Kaempferia parviflora (KP) supplementation in semen extenders on the post-thaw sperm quality of Thai native bulls. Fresh semen was collected and evaluated for motility, viability, and concentration prior to cryopreservation. Semen samples were allocated to four treatment groups: 0 mg/mL (control), 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 1.5 mg/mL KP. Subsequently, the samples were frozen, then thawed, and analyzed for sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, and oxidative stress. The results showed that supplementation with 1.0 mg/mL KP significantly improved sperm motility (46.29 ± 2.66%) and viability (43.42 ± 2.15%) compared to the control (40.77 ± 2.76% and 38.63 ± 2.66%, respectively). Membrane integrity was also enhanced (47.64 ± 1.18% vs. 41.85 ± 1.98% in the control), while oxidative stress levels were reduced (MDA concentration: 2.33 ± 0.29 µM/mL vs. 2.73 ± 0.33 µM/mL in the control). However, the highest concentration (1.5 mg/mL KP) negatively affected sperm quality, with reduced motility (36.97 ± 3.32%), viability (30.88 ± 3.02%), and membrane integrity (35.64 ± 1.61%). These findings suggest that 1 mg/mL KP is the optimal concentration for improving post-thaw semen quality in cryopreservation protocols for Thai native bulls. Full article

The Malvaceae family contains a variety of medicinal plants, including those of the mallow (Malva) genus. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and morphometry of fruit from three Malva species (common mallow M. sylvestris, cheeseweed mallow M. parviflora, and Cornish mallow M. multiflora. The phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potentials were conducted on dry and powdered fruits. The morphometry and texture were performed using the software imagery tools. Results showed that the principal component analysis based on phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and morphometric and texture traits showed a group structure according to species. The M. multiflora fruits were distinguished by high values of morphometric and texture traits, oil content (17.96%), total flavonoid content (1.70 mg RE/g DM), total antioxidant activity, and high FRAP value. The M. parviflora fruits were smaller than the M. multiflora and were rich in proteins (17.70%), starch (94.41 mg/g DW), and soluble sugar contents (57.74 mg/g DW). However, the M. sylvestris fruits have an intermediate position within the two other species and are rich in total polyphenols (2.34 mg GAE/g DM) and flavonoid contents (0.75 mg RE/g DM). The combined data, including phytochemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and morphometry, could be used as an alternative tool to molecular analysis to distinguish between Malva species and to select future application of Malva fruits based on their metabolite’s composition. Full article

Black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) extract (KPE) is extracted from a ginger family plant grown in Thailand. The polyphenolic components have potential antioxidant effects and have been reported to enhance exercise performance. However, the impact of long-term KPE administration combined with long-term training on the endurance exercise performance of healthy individuals has not been fully studied. In this study, a healthy mouse model was used to investigate the effects of 8 weeks KPE administration and voluntary wheel running on the submaximal endurance exercise capacity and its mechanism. The results showed that 8 weeks of KPE administration significantly enhanced the submaximal endurance exercise capacity of mice and extended the daily voluntary wheel running distance. By measuring oxidative stress markers in plasma and the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes in skeletal muscle, we found that KPE significantly increased plasma antioxidant levels and activated the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/ARE (Antioxidant Response Element) pathway and its downstream antioxidant genes expression in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that KPE may enhance the antioxidant capacity of plasma and skeletal muscle by activating the Nrf2-ARE-centered antioxidant pathway, thereby increasing the daily running distance and improving the submaximal endurance exercise capacity of mice. Full article

The Tibetan plateau, with complex and diverse ecosystems, is an important ecological security barrier to China. However, climate change and the spread of invasive plant species have imperiled the once pristine and diverse ecosystem of the region. To prevent the further spread and control of invasive plants, it is important to delineate the potential distribution patterns of alien invasive plants at the regional scale across Tibet and understand their responses to climate change. Galinsoga parviflora Cav., a member of the family Asteraceae, is an annual herbaceous plant distributed globally as an invasive weed and possesses characteristics that make it highly invasive, such as a strong ability to proliferate and disperse. The species is also known to have an allelopathic effect. There has been no report on the spatial distribution of G. parviflora in Tibet. Using field survey data, we investigated the risk of G. parviflora invasion and its impacts on the ecological safety of Tibet. We employed the MaxEnt model using the R language and SPSS software to optimize and select model parameters and data. We acquired various environmental variables along with current and future climate change scenarios (two carbon emission scenarios, SSP126 and SSP585, for the years 2050 and 2090) to predict the geographic distribution and potential risk areas in Tibet that G. parviflora can invade. The MaxEnt model accurately predicted the distribution of G. parviflora in Tibet with an average AUC of 0.985. The most suitable environmental conditions in which G. parviflora performed the best in Tibet included a mean annual temperature of 6.2–10.0 °C and an elevation range of 2672–3744 m above sea level. Our results indicate that low precipitation during the coldest quarter of the year (mean temperature −2–3 °C) was the most important variable predicting G. parviflora distribution. The results also showed that the species was hardly found when precipitation in the coldest quarter exceeded 155 mm. The current potential invasion risk areas for G. parviflora included the river valleys of central, southeastern, and eastern Tibet. With future climate change scenarios (i.e., SSP126, SSP585), the suitable habitats for G. parviflora distribution will likely shift to northwest regions from the southeast. Particularly under the highest carbon emission scenario (i.e., SSP585), the potential risk area expands more rapidly, and the center of distribution shifts to northwest regions. These findings provide useful information about the current and future changes in G. parviflora distribution in Tibet, which is crucial for the comprehensive and proactive management and control of G. parviflora under future climate change. Full article

A promising strategy for combating bacterial infections involves the development of agents that disarm the virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, thereby reducing their pathogenicity without inducing direct lethality. Sortase A, a crucial enzyme responsible for anchoring virulence factors to the cell surface of several pathogenic bacteria, has emerged as a possible target for antivirulence strategies. A series of hippocastanum species (Aesculus pavia, A. parviflora, Aesculus x carnea, and A. hippocastanum) were used to prepare ethanol- and water-based extracts for assessing their effect on Staphylococcus aureus sortase A. The extracts were characterized through HPLC analysis, and their polyphenols content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The specific toxicity profile was evaluated in Daphnia magna using the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) and against the fibroblast MRHF cell line. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values on sortase A, determined after 30 min of incubation, ranged from 82.70 to 304.31 µg/mL, with the A. pavia water extract exhibiting the highest inhibitory effect. The assessment of the A. pavia water extract on human fibroblasts revealed no significant signs of toxicity, even at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. This reduced toxicity was further validated through the Daphnia assay. These findings highlight the low toxicity and the potential of this extract as a promising source of future development of bacteria antivirulence solutions. Full article

Little mallow (Malva parviflora L.) is a notorious weed that causes substantial yield losses in winter crops. For effective weed management and seed testing, a deeper understanding of seed dormancy, germination behavior, and dormancy-breaking methods is necessary. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of seed treatments, i.e., mechanical scarification, acid scarification, hot water treatment, and different germinating temperatures, i.e., 15 °C, 20 °C, or alternating 15–20 °C (16/8 h), on the seed dormancy in M.parviflora. A large proportion of M. parviflora seeds were physically dormant, with just 10.90% germination. Seed treatments had a significant influence on seed germination, seedling dry weight, vigor index, and water absorption (p ≤ 0.01). Among the various treatments, mechanical scarification enhanced germination by 32%, the vigor index by 487% and water uptake by 34%, and decreased percent hard seeds by 34%. Among the various germination temperatures, alternating 15–20 °C temperatures (16/8 h) gave the most significant result for germination and the lowest percent hard seeds. The findings of this study will serve as a valuable reference for seed testing and the development of suitable weed control strategies for M. parviflora. Full article

Determining the amount of heat units required to kill weed seeds is a crucial aspect for the success of weed control through soil solarization. Lab experiments were designed to determine the duration of exposure for weed seeds that is required to suppress germination at temperatures (40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 °C) in the range of those typically achieved during soil solarization in California. The species tested were annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), bristly oxtongue (Picris echioides L.), nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), little mallow (Malva parviflora L.), and redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium L.). Germination tests were performed to assess the germinability of the weed seeds. The germination suppression by the lab-simulated solarization temperatures differed among the species based on their seasonality. The cool-season annuals S. oleraceus and P. echioides were more susceptible to the heat treatments than the warm-season annuals P. oleracea, A. retroflexus, and C. murale. The hard-seeded weed species M. parviflora and E. cicutarium were the least susceptible to the heat treatments. The germination rates of S. oleraceus, P. echioides, and C. murale were reduced at all of the temperatures that were tested. The germination rates for A. retroflexus and M. parviflora were not affected by temperatures below 40 °C. The germination rates for P. oleracea were not affected by temperature below 45 °C and the germination of E. cicutarium was not affected by any of the temperatures that were tested. The duration (hours) of exposure and percent of germination suppression of the weed seeds were used to create thermal-time hazard models for weed seeds using logistic regression. Full article

The Gullele Botanic Garden was established to preserve and safeguard indigenous, rare, endemic, endangered, and economically important plant species. The objective of this study was to identify and map the exotic, invasive, and potentially invasive plant species that are present in the garden’s various land use types, such as natural vegetation, plantations, roadsides and garden edges. The research involved laying plots at different distances in each land use type and collecting vegetation data with geo-location information. Sorensen’s similarity index was used to measure the floristic similarity between the sampled land use types. Data on species density and abundance were analyzed using the corresponding formula. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index and evenness were used to compute the diversity of the species in each land use type using R packages. ArcGIS version 10.5 was used to track the geographical distribution and map the exotic, invasive, and potentially invasive species that exist in all land use types of the garden. A total of 80 plant species belonging to 70 genera in 44 families were recorded in the garden. Asteraceae, Myrtaceae, and Fabaceae comprised the highest number of species. Acacia decurrens, Acacia melanoxylon, Cuscuta campestris, Galinsoga parviflora, Nerium oleander, and Cyathula uncinulata were the most prevalent invasive and potentially invasive species. The study found that the roadside and garden edge land use types had the most diverse exotic and invasive plants. The total density of exotic species was 2.36 plants/m². The potential possibility of these plants in displacing the native plant species is quite high unless the introduction of exotic plant species is inspected and appropriate management strategies for invasive species are put in place. Full article

Owing to the reputation of Kaempferia parviflora and the crucial role of oxidative stress on the disturbance of physical fitness, the effect of a functional drink containing K. parviflora extract (KP) on the physical fitness of healthy adult volunteers was assessed. Healthy male and female volunteers (19–60 years old) were randomly divided into placebo, KP90, and KP180 groups. All the subjects in KP90 and KP180 were directed to consume a functional drink containing K. parviflora extract at doses of 90 and 180 mg per serving per 80 mL, respectively. Parameters of physical fitness, including cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition, together with changes in lactate, creatinine kinase, and oxidative stress markers were assessed before the intervention, and at 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. The oxidative stress markers, creatine kinase, and lactate were also measured. Subjects who consumed the developed drink had increased VO₂ max and improved performance in a timed shuttle run test and 5 min distance run, and exhibited decreased oxidative stress and lactate; therefore, K. parviflora extract can be successfully used for developing a KP drink to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and physical performance by improving oxidative stress and lactate. Full article

Specimens of Crinipellis and Marasmius (Marasmiaceae) collected from Beijing, North China, were studied by morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed separately for the two genera based on ITS sequence data. Two new species, C. deutziae and M. pinicola, were found, and C. rhizomaticola was reported from China for the first time. Crinipellis deutziae is characterized by small basidiocarps, large and variably shaped basidiospores measuring 8.8–11 × 7.5–9.5 µm, the presence of both cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, and growing on Deutzia parviflora. Marasmius pinicola is characterized by small basidiocarps, cylindrical, reniform to phaseoliform basidiospores measuring 6–8 × 3.5–4.2 µm, often capitate cheilocystidia, and pleurocystidia, and growing on fallen leaves of Pinus tabuliformis. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the three species. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of macro-fungi in Beijing. Full article

Metastatic breast cancer remains the leading cause of death in women worldwide. This condition necessitates extensive research to find an effective treatment, one of which is the natural medicine approach. Kaempferia parviflora (KP) is a plant believed to possess anticancer properties. Therefore, this study aims to determine KP’s bioactive compound, cytotoxic, and anti-migration activity in the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line model 4T1, also in the breast cancer cell model MCF-7 and noncancerous cell line NIH-3T3. Maceration with ethanol (EEKP) and infusion with distilled water (EWKP) was used for extraction. The MTT assay was used to test for cytotoxicity, and the scratch wound healing assay was used to test for the inhibition of migration. Phytochemical profiling of EEKP was performed using UHPLC-MS, and the results were studied for in silico molecular docking. Result showed that EEKP had a better cytotoxic activity than EWKP with an IC₅₀ value of 128.33 µg/mL (24 h) and 115.09 µg/mL (48 h) on 4T1 cell line, and 138.43 µg/mL (24 h) and 124.81 µg/mL (48 h) on MCF-7 cell line. Meanwhile, no cytotoxic activity was observed at concentrations ranging from 3–250 µg/mL in NIH-3T3. EEKP also showed anti-migration activity in a concentration of 65 µg/mL. Mass Spectrophotometer (MS) structures from EEKP are 5-Hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone (HDMF), 5-Hydro-7,8,2′-trimethoxyflavanone (HTMF), Retusine, and Denbinobin. The in silico docking was investigated for receptors Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, ERK2, and FAK, as well as their activities. In silico result indicates that HTMF and denbinobin are bioactive compounds responsible for EEKP’s cytotoxic and anti-migration activity. These two compounds and standardized plant extract can be further studied as potential breast cancer treatment candidates. Full article

Centaurea parviflora (C. parviflora), belonging to the family Asteraceae, is an Algerian medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat different diseases related to hyperglycemic and inflammatory disorders, as well as in food. The present study aimed to assess the total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and phytochemical profile of the extracts of C. parviflora. The extraction of phenolic compounds from aerial parts was conducted using solvents of increasing polarity starting from methanol, resulting in crude extract (CE), to chloroform extract (CHE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and butanol extract (BUE). The total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents of the extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl₃ methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured with seven methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, galvinoxyl free-radical-scavenging test, 2,2′-Azino-Bis(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS) assay, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), reducing power, Fe⁺²-phenanthroline reduction assay and superoxide-scavenging test. The disc-diffusion method aimed at testing the sensitivity of bacterial strains toward our extracts. A qualitative analysis with thin-layer chromatography of the methanolic extract was performed. Moreover, HPLC-DAD-MS was used to establish the phytochemical profile of the BUE. The BUE was found to contain high amounts of total phenolics (175.27 ± 2.79 µg GAE/mg E), flavonoids (59.89 ± 0.91 µg QE/mg E) and flavonols (47.30 ± 0.51 µg RE/mg E). Using TLC, different components such as flavonoids and polyphenols were noted. The highest radical-scavenging ability was recorded for the BUE against DPPH (IC₅₀ = 59.38 ± 0.72 µg/mL), galvinoxyl (IC₅₀ = 36.25 ± 0.42 µg/mL), ABTS (IC₅₀ = 49.52 ± 1.54 µg/mL) and superoxide (IC₅₀ = 13.61 ± 0.38 µg/mL). The BUE had the best reducing power according to the CUPRAC (A_0.5 = 71.80 ± 1.22 μg/mL), phenanthroline test (A_0.5 = 20.29 ± 1.16 μg/mL) and FRAP (A_0.5 = 119.17 ± 0.29 μg/mL). The LC-MS analysis of BUE allowed us to identify eight compounds including six phenolic acids and two flavonoids: quinic acid, five chlorogenic acid derivatives, rutin and quercetin 3-o-glucoside. This preliminary investigation revealed that the extracts of C. parviflora have a good biopharmaceutical activity. The BUE possesses an interesting potential for pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications. Full article

Dietary bioactive compounds from natural sources (e.g., herbal medicines, foods) are known to potentially suppress acute or chronic inflammation and promote the effectiveness of treatment to reduce the harmful effects of gastritis alone or in combination. In this regard, we have characterized four Cameroonian spice extracts, namely Aframomum citratum, Dichrostachys glomerata, Tetrapleura tetraptera, and Xylopia parviflora through reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses and investigated their antioxidant and synergistic anti-inflammatory activities in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells. The extracts showed a high amount of total phenolic (TPC: 150–290 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract) and flavonoid content (TFC: 35–115 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g of extract) with antioxidant properties in a cell-free system (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀s) ≤ 45 µg/mL; 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀s) ≤ 29 µg/mL. The extracts in combination (MIX) exert a synergistic beneficial effect (combination index (CIs) < 1 and dose reduction index (DRIs) > 1) on inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-8 and -6 release, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) driven transcription) in human gastric epithelial cells, which may result from the presence of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids) or other compounds (protein, lipid, aromatic, and polysaccharide compounds) tentatively identified in the extracts. The general findings of the present study provide supporting evidence on the chemical composition of four Cameroonian dietary plants and their significant synergistic inhibitory activities on inflammatory markers of gastric epithelial cells. Full article