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Keywords = anti-poverty expenditure

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17 pages, 771 KB  
Article
Examining the Impact of Fiscal Resources on Anti-Poverty Expenditure: Evidence from China
by Mao Zheng, Xiaoguang Li, Zhilong Qin and Muhammad Tayyab Sohail
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4371; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054371 - 1 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2389
Abstract
In developing countries, anti-poverty programs are often implemented by local governments. However, due to the limitation of fiscal resources, the amount of anti-poor expenditure by the local government is generally less than what is needed for the poor. In this paper, we investigate [...] Read more.
In developing countries, anti-poverty programs are often implemented by local governments. However, due to the limitation of fiscal resources, the amount of anti-poor expenditure by the local government is generally less than what is needed for the poor. In this paper, we investigate whether an increase in the fiscal resources of local government will lead to an increase in anti-poor fiscal expenditure using county-level Chinese data. Using the fixed effect model, we show that local governments will put more fiscal resources into the minimum living standard guarantee (MLSG) system if they receive more intergovernmental transfers from high-level governments, but this effect only exists in urban areas. Moreover, the off-budget fiscal revenue does not affect the anti-poverty expenditure, both in rural and urban areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Firm Responses to Sustainable Development Goals in the Context of the Digital Era)
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13 pages, 278 KB  
Article
Estimation of Equivalence Scale and Assessment of Its Impact on Poverty Measurement in Bangladesh
by Md. Matiur Rahman, Seung-Hoon Jeon and Kyoung-Soo Yoon
Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 9081; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219081 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3078
Abstract
Anti-poverty policies for sustainable development require efficient targeting, for which appropriate poverty lines play a crucial role. In Bangladesh, official poverty lines are estimated with the implicit assumption that there are no economies of scale in household consumption with respect to household size [...] Read more.
Anti-poverty policies for sustainable development require efficient targeting, for which appropriate poverty lines play a crucial role. In Bangladesh, official poverty lines are estimated with the implicit assumption that there are no economies of scale in household consumption with respect to household size or composition, which raises the question of the accuracy and reliability of the measurement of poverty line. We test the existence of economies of scale, estimate their size, and assess the impact of applying equivalence scale to poverty measurement, using the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey data of Bangladesh. The results confirm the existence of economies of scale in household consumption. Following the model developed by Kakwani and Son, the overall index of economies of scale in household consumption is estimated around 0.85. Modified poverty lines show that under official poverty lines, the probability of being poor is high with respect to household size. The result implies that the poverty head-count ratio(HCR) for households with large number of members might be overestimated in Bangladesh, and that there may be an incentive for low income families to enlarge family size to avail of anti-poverty public transfers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
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