In order to obtain the performance of the electric drive system (EDS) on the vehicle level correctly and effectively, the authors carried out research on the testing and evaluation technology. Firstly, the typical control strategy and its influence a...
This article presents the results of energy consumption research for an electric light commercial vehicle (eLCV) powered by a centrally located motor (4 × 2 drive system) or motors placed in the vehicle’s wheels (4 × 4 drive system). For the consider...
This paper presents the development process of a robust and ROS-based Drive-By-Wire system designed for an autonomous electric vehicle from scratch over an open source chassis. A revision of the vehicle characteristics and the different modules of ou...
This paper focuses on a front-and-rear-wheel-independent-drive-type-electric vehicle (FRID EV) which is being developed as the next generation EV with ideal characteristics of driving performance and safety. The FRID EV development work has included...
In order to improve the endurance mileage and stability of an electric vehicle at the same time, a hierarchical coordinated control method of an in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle based on energy optimization is presented in this paper. The drivin...
The number of individuals wearing cardiac pacemakers is gradually increasing as the population ages and cardiovascular disease becomes highly prevalent. The safety of pacemaker wearers is of significant concern because they must ensure that the devic...
All-wheel drive is an important technical direction for the future development of pure electric vehicles. The difference in the efficiency distribution of the shaft motor caused by the optimal load matching and motor manufacturing process, the tradit...
This paper presents a centralized disturbance suppression strategy for distributed drive electric vehicles which is based on model predictive direct motion control. This strategy is capable of addressing issues such as parameter uncertainties and ext...
Electro-Mechanical Braking (EMB), as a novel brake-by-wire technology, is rapidly being implemented in vehicle chassis systems. Nevertheless, the integrated design of the EMB caliper contributes to an increased unsprung mass in Distributed Drive Elec...
In addressing the limitations of traditional steering stability control strategies applied to distributed-drive electric vehicles (DDEVs)—which primarily focus on measuring yaw rate and sideslip angle and may result in loss of control during st...
The improvement of both the stability and economy of the four in-wheel motor drive (4IWMD) electric vehicle under complex drive cycles is currently a difficult problem in this field. A torque distribution method with the comprehensive goals of optima...
Electric vehicles (EVs) are characterized by a significant variety of possible powertrain configurations, ranging from one to four electric machines, which can have an on-board or in-wheel layout. Multiple models of production EVs have recently been...
A fault-tolerant collaborative control strategy for four-wheel-drive electric vehicles is proposed to address hidden safety issues caused by one or more in-wheel motor faults; the basic design scheme is that the control system is divided into two lay...
The increasing use of electric vehicles has made fault diagnosis in electric drive motors, particularly in variable speed drives (VSDs) using three-phase induction motors, a critical area of research. This article presents a fault classification mode...
This research focuses on four-wheel-drive electric vehicles. On the basis of the hierarchical coordinated control strategy, the coordinated control system of driving force distribution regulation and differential braking regulation was designed to in...
In order to solve the problems of soaring costs and supply fluctuation in permanent magnet materials, this paper investigates and develops a magnetless wound field synchronous motor (WFSM) drive system for electric vehicle (EV) application. As the cr...
The present work deals with the design of a traction system for a hybrid vehicle using a PMSM-type motor, including an energy regeneration stage, using a Neutral Point Piloted (NPP) inverter. Optimal operation allows the motor to be supplied in the t...
Distributed drive electric vehicles improve steering response and enhance overall vehicle stability by independently controlling each motor. This paper introduces a control framework based on Adaptive Model Predictive Control (AMPC) for coordinating...
In order to enhance the steering stability of a four hub-motor independent-drive electric vehicle (4MIDEV) on a road with varying adhesion coefficient, for example on a joint road, this paper proposes a hierarchical steering stability control strateg...
Battery electric vehicles (BEV) are suitable alternatives for achieving energy independence and meeting the criteria for reducing greenhouse emissions in the transportation sector. Evaluating their performance and energy consumption in the real-data...
Emerging green-energy transportation, such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in HEVs (PHEVs), has a great potential for reduction of fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions. The lithium-ion battery system used in these vehicles, however...
With the increased number of electric drive systems in hybrid electric vehicles also the probability of electric faults within those systems rises. We have developed a Modelica® library to simulate fieldoriented drive systems, including faults. The l...
This study aims to determine the influential factors on the market share of electric vehicles through panel data analysis based on time series data from 2011 to 2015 in 31 countries. We selected five significant independent variables that are expecte...
The rapid transition to electric-drive vehicles is taking place globally. Most automakers are adding electric models to their lineups to prepare for the new electric future. From the analysis of the automotive market, it is evident that there is a gr...
Multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles have the characteristics of high transmission efficiency, strong maneuverability, and good passability, making them widely used in large cargo transportation. However, the current driving torq...
A new method to evaluate the energy consumption and driving range of electric vehicles running on intercity routes is proposed. This method consists of a hybridization of a predictive method and the application of online information during the drivin...
The paper studies and analyzes electric vehicle engines powered by hydrogen under the WLTP standard driving protocol. The driving range extension is estimated using a specific protocol developed for FCEV compared with the standard value for battery e...
Electric vehicles (EVs) include battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) and fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs). The performance of vehicles is usually evaluated using standardized driving cycle tests; however, the results...
This paper is focused on the determination of real driving ranges for electric vehicles (EV’s) and how it influences fuel consumption and carbon emissions. A precise method to evaluate the driving range of an EV can establish the correct reduction in...
In recent years, electric vehicles have achieved rapid development. Intelligence is one of the important trends to promote the development of electric vehicles. As a result, autonomous driving system is becoming one of the core systems of electric ve...
The rising population in suburban areas have led to an increasing demand for commuter buses. Coupled with a desire to reduce pollution from the daily routine of traveling and transportation, electric vehicles have become more interesting as an altern...
The primary challenge for electric vehicles in replacing oil-fueled vehicles today is their limited range, despite significant advancements in energy storage technology and alternative fuel vehicles over the past few decades. Direct-drive in-wheel mo...
The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) is engaged in research, development and testing of a range of technologies relating to hybrid and electric vehicle energy management and performance. The impact of driver behaviour on...
With the development of electric vehicles, more attention has been paid to the role of the driving cycle in vehicle performance testing. At present, the K-means algorithm is often used in the development of driving cycles. However, it is sensitive to...
Four-wheel-drive electric vehicles with multiple motors have several advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection, and excellent dynamics performance. Therefore, they have become an important development trend in the field of electric v...
The remaining driving range (RDR) has been identified as one of the main obstacles for the success of electric vehicles. Offering the driver accurate information about the RDR reduces the range anxiety and increases the acceptance of electric vehicle...
Most of the research on driving stability control of distributed drive electric vehicles is based on a yaw motion design controller. The designed controller can improve the lateral stability of the vehicle well but rarely mentions its changes to the...
This paper aims to provide a quantitative assessment of the effect of driver action and road traffic conditions in the real implementation of eco-driving strategies. The study specifically refers to an ultra-efficient battery-powered electric vehicle...
This paper compares the energy economy and vertical vibration characteristics of in-wheel drive electric vehicles (IEVs), in-wheel drive electric hydraulic hybrid vehicles (IHVs) and centralized drive electric vehicles (CEVs). The dynamic programming...
Energy management strategies (EMS) in the context of electric or hybrid vehicles can optimize the available energy by minimizing consumption. Most optimization-based EMS are not real-time-applicable for an accurate estimation of future consumption. T...
For the battery pack’s limited remaining power, two energy-aware ecological driving problems are discussed. A real-time energy-aware ecological driving control strategy is proposed to optimize energy consumption and meet the ECO driving demand. First...
Failure of any of the drive systems in a Four-Wheel Independent Drive (4WID) electric vehicle may affect the control performance and driving safety of the whole vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, a fault-tolerant controller (FTC) for 4WID electric ve...
In the foreseeable future, electric vehicles (EVs) will play a key role in the decarbonization of transport systems. Replacing vehicles powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs) with electric ones reduces the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) being...
Extending the maximum driving distance of an electric vehicle would be beneficial given these vehicles’ long charging time and limited battery capacity and to improve electricity consumption. Research on the optimal development of the powertrai...
The European Parliament has adopted Directive 2019/1161 on the promotion of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient road transport vehicles, which also defines the obligations and forms of support for the procurement of environmentally friendly...
Distributed-drive electric vehicles (DDEVs), through independent, rapid, and precise control of the driving/braking torque of each wheel, offer unprecedented opportunities to enhance their handling stability, ride comfort, energy economy, and safety....
Unmanned fully line-controlled distributed drive electric vehicles with four-wheel independent drive, dependent braking and dependent steering have significant advantages over conventional vehicles in terms of dynamic control, but at the same time mu...
This study expects that the automatic driving control for passing through intersection has potential for energy saving and solving traffic jams. Therefore, first, this study calculates the predicted effect of the automatic driving control at intersec...
The range is one of the most important performance indicators for fuel-cell electric vehicles. This article focuses on the analysis of GB/T 43252-2023 “Energy Consumption and Range Test Methods for Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles” from the pe...
The National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium (NAFTC) is a pioneer and national leader in developing, managing, and promoting programs and activities that desire to cure America’s addiction to oil, lead to energy independence, and encourage the...
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