In-wheel motor electric vehicles have the advantages of independently controllable four-wheel torque, high energy utilization rate, and fast motor response speed, which greatly reduces the curb weight of the vehicle and simplifies the structure of th...
This research proposes a novel cooling system to minimize the external rotor type of electric motor temperature by installing fan blades (wafters) on the inner housing of the electric motor. Fan blades (wafters) are made by printing using 3D printer...
In-Wheel Motor (IWM) have been proposed to increase an efficiency and controllability of electric vehicle (EV). However, a risk of disconnection of power lines have been considered as a fundamental problem of IWM. Therefore, we proposed Wireless In-W...
The in-wheel motor has received more attention owing to its simple structure, high transmission efficiency, flexible control, and easy integration design. It is difficult to achieve high performance with conventional motors due to their dimensions an...
Recently, there has been significant attention given to the electrification of transportation due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Conventional drive systems typically include a clutch, reduction gear, and mechanic...
Generally, In-Wheel motor system consists of suspension, steering, electric motor, friction brake, and wheel and varies with the combination structure of each component. However, the key point of In-Wheel motor system to be applied in small electric...
In order to improve the endurance mileage and stability of an electric vehicle at the same time, a hierarchical coordinated control method of an in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle based on energy optimization is presented in this paper. The drivin...
In order to improve the driving performance of four-wheel drive electric vehicles and realize precise control of their speed, a Chaotic Random Grey Wolf Optimization-based PID in-wheel motor control algorithm is proposed in this paper. Based on an an...
To address the challenge of heat dissipation in electric vehicle in-wheel motors within limited space, this study conducted temperature field analysis and cooling structure optimization based on magnetic–thermal coupling. The three-dimensional...
This study proposes two adaptive controllers and applies them to the vibration control of an in-wheel motor vehicle’s (electric vehicle) suspension system, in which a semi-active magnetorheological (MR) damper is installed as an actuator. As a...
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (AFPMSM) offers high power density in structures with short axial lengths and large radial dimensions, making it attractive for applications that require thin structures, such as in-wheel motors. This stu...
An active energy-efficient direct yaw moment control (DYC) for in-wheel motor electric vehicles taking motor efficiency maps into consideration is proposed in this paper. The potential contribution of DYC to energy saving during quasi-steady-state co...
Electric vehicle (EV) proliferation is accelerating, characterized by the rising quantity of electric automobiles on global roadways. The electric machine is a crucial component of an EV, and the heat generated within the motor requires consideration...
High power and miniaturization of motors in an in-wheel drive system, which is installed inside the wheels of a vehicle, are required for directly driving the wheels. In addition, an efficient cooling system is required to ensure high driving perform...
This paper presents an integration design scheme and an optimization control strategy for electric wheels to suppress the in-wheel vibration and improve vehicle ride comfort. The in-wheel motor is considered as a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA), whi...
In this study, a slip control algorithm using motor torque control during the braking of the in-wheel electric vehicle was proposed and an anti-lock brake system (ABS) simulator was developed on the basis of the test results for electro-hydraulic ABS...
In this paper, after investigating the coupling effect in a permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor, a robust control method for active suspension of hub-driven electric vehicles (EVs) to enhance the performance of the in-wheel motor and the vehi...
To overcome the problems existing in the practical application of traditional in-wheel motors used for electric vehicles, an integrated double rotor in-wheel motor was proposed, which can realize three drive modes to meet variable operating condition...
Reliability is an essential factor for the operation of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive. Electric vehicles operate in harsh environments, which may degrade the operation of power converters. These failure modes include transistor open- and...
To effectively ensure the operational safety of an electric vehicle with in-wheel motor drive, a novel diagnosis method is proposed to monitor each in-wheel motor fault, the creativity of which lies in two aspects. One aspect is that affinity propaga...
In-wheel direct drive (IWDD) of electric vehicles (EVs), which simplifies the transmission system and facilitates flexible control of vehicle dynamics, has evolved considerably in the EV sector. This paper proposes a novel double-stator double-rotor...
In this paper, a 15 KW in-wheel motor (IWM) is taken as the research object, and the coupling factors among the electromagnetic field, temperature field and flow field are analyzed, and the strong and weak coupling factors between the three fields ar...
In-wheel motors for new energy vehicles are close to the brake, which results in a high ambient temperature. Thus, there is a high demand for cooling systems. This paper designs an oil-spray-cooled system based on the flat structural characteristics...
This paper presents a coordinated control strategy for an electro-hydraulic composite braking system in in-wheel motor electric vehicles to enhance regenerative energy recovery and braking safety. A novel hydraulic control unit (HCU) without a pressu...
This paper is focused on the structural analysis of a new propulsion system defined by an in-wheel motor with an integrated magnetic gear (IWM-IMG). The IWM-IMG has two levels of torque and speed. First, the state of the art of magnetic gears (MGs) i...
This paper presents a double sky-hook algorithm for controlling semi-active suspension systems in order to improve road-holding property for application in an in-wheel motor. The main disadvantage of the in-wheel motor is the increase in unsprung mas...
In this paper, a lightweight permanent magnet in-wheel (LW-PMIW) motor is proposed. This research focuses on using a multi-modulation design to enhance the amplitude of the fundamental wave while suppressing high-order harmonics, thereby enabling the...
In-wheel motor vehicles are gaining attention as a new type of electric vehicle due to their efficient power units located inside each wheel hub. However, they are more susceptible to wheel resonance due to the increase in unsprung mass caused by the...
The improvement of both the stability and economy of the four in-wheel motor drive (4IWMD) electric vehicle under complex drive cycles is currently a difficult problem in this field. A torque distribution method with the comprehensive goals of optima...
A fast terminal sliding mode control is proposed in this paper for improving the dynamic performance and robustness of a permanent magnet in-wheel motor system driven by a voltage source inverter. Firstly, a fast terminal sliding mode approaching law...
To improve the trackability of in-wheel motor drive (IWMD) and wheel-individual steer electric vehicles (EVs) when steering actuators fail, the fail-operation control strategy was proposed to correct vehicles in a steering failure situation and avoid...
To address the challenge of fault diagnosis for in-wheel motors in four-wheel independent driving systems under variable driving conditions and harsh environments, this paper proposes a novel method based on two-stream 2DCNNs (two-dimensional convolu...
In-wheel motors offer a promising solution for novel drivetrain architectures of future electric vehicles that could penetrate into the automotive industry by transferring the drive directly inside the wheels. The available literature mainly deals wi...
In this study, a novel hybrid annular radial magnetorheological damper (HARMRD) is proposed to improve the ride comfort of an electric vehicle (EV) powered by an in-wheel motor (IWM). The model primarily comprises annular-radial ducts in series with...
A new method including suspension and wheel vibration energy regeneration is proposed in this study to coordinate the contradiction between vibration energy regeneration and dynamic performance of in-wheel motor electric vehicles (IWM-EVs). The influ...
To avoid the potential safety hazards of electric vehicles caused by the mechanical fault deterioration of the in-wheel motor (IWM), this paper proposes an intelligent diagnosis based on double-optimized artificial hydrocarbon networks (AHNs) to iden...
This study proposes an optimal design approach incorporating rotor skew to reduce torque ripple in a 5 kW in-wheel axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor. Nine design variables, including the skew angle, were selected for optimization. The variatio...
Aiming at the impact of heat generation and temperature rise on the driving performance of a permanent magnet (PM) motor, taking the PM in-wheel motor (IWM) for electric vehicles as an object, research is conducted into the temperature distribution o...
In the last few years, there has been considerable growth in in-wheel electric motors manufacturing and the number of electric buses operating around the world. As a result of this clear increase, competition between electric bus manufacturers is inc...
As the core component of in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicles, the in-wheel motor (IWM) directly affects the driving/braking performance of each driving wheel and the driving performance of the vehicle. The IWM operation involves a coupling of mul...
Designing an effective cooling system for high-power-density in-wheel motors of electric vehicles is required to avoid the irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet due to a rise in its temperature. In this study, a water-cooling channel w...
This paper presents an analysis of the stability of an electric vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors of permanent-magnet type during a class of electrical faults. Due to the constant excitation from the permanent magnets, the output torque from a fa...
In-wheel motor technology has reduced the number of components required in a vehicle’s power train system, but it has also led to several additional technological challenges. According to kinematic laws, during the turning maneuvers of a vehicle, the...
Modern powertrain configurations for electric vehicles introduce the possibility to actuate the wheel directly by means of in-wheel motors. These machines enable stiffer and more efficient traction, with the possibility of introducing pitch motion co...
The primary challenge for electric vehicles in replacing oil-fueled vehicles today is their limited range, despite significant advancements in energy storage technology and alternative fuel vehicles over the past few decades. Direct-drive in-wheel mo...
The in-wheel motor (IWM) powertrain layout offers greater design flexibility and higher efficiency of an electric vehicle but has limited commercial success mainly due to the concerns of increased unsprung mass. This paper proposes a semi-active susp...
Rubber bushings and mounts are vastly used in automotive applications as support and interface elements. In suspension systems, they are commonly employed to interconnect the damping structure to the chassis. Therein, the viscoelastic nature of the m...
This paper presents an in-wheel vibration absorber for in-wheel-motor electric vehicles (IWM EVs), and a corresponding control strategy to improve vehicle ride comfort. The proposed in-wheel vibration absorber, designed for suppressing the motor vibr...
This paper deals with the weight reduction design of In-Wheel type motor for high power density. Accordingly, characteristic and weight of the motor caused by modifying reduction gear ratio are examined. Weight of motor is minimized by modulating the...
The purpose of this paper is to accurately establish a model of a special vehicle driven by in-wheel motors (IWMs) and investigate its dynamic characteristics. This study proposes a novel integrated vehicle modeling strategy, focusing on the IWM and...
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