101 Results Found

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, reassessing physiology to improve clinical outcomes, reducing length of hospital stay (LOS) stay, resulting in cost reduction. Since its introduc...

Background: Applications of atrial speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) strain (ε) analysis in pediatric cardiac surgery have been limited. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of atrial STE ε analysis and the progression of...

Pediatric cardiac surgery requires perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) to reduce the risk of surgical site infections. However, the complexity of these procedures and the metabolic immaturity of children impede the establishment of PAP regimen...

Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a potential complication of surgical procedures, with a significant impact on mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery are often considered patients...

Introduction: Among aortic diseases in children, congenital defects such as coarctation of the aorta (CoA), interrupted aortic arch (IAA), hypoplastic aortic arch (HAA), and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) predominate. Tissue patches are appli...

Objective(s): Modified ultrafiltration has gained wide acceptance as a powerful tool against cardiopulmonary bypass morbidity in pediatric cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to assess the importance of modified ultrafiltration within condition...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children. A prospective study for examining urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and renal near-infrared spectrosc...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after pediatric cardiac surgery (CS). Several urine biomarkers have been validated to detect AKI earlier. The objective of this study was to evaluate urine CHI3L1, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP7, and NephroCheck® as pred...

Background: Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has gained increasing value in the evaluation of congenital heart diseases (CHD); however, its use in pediatric cardiac surgery is limited. Aim: To evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic impairment...

Introduction: Methadone is an opioid-sparing opioid and it is increasingly used in children undergoing surgery due to its beneficial effects on postoperative pain scores, decreased opioid requirements, and fewer adverse effects compared to other opio...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-AKI) is common in pediatrics. Urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (uL-FABP) increases in some kidney diseases and may indicate CPB-AKI earlier than current methods...

Background: Fluid overload (FO) is known to occur frequently after pediatric cardiac surgery and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Fontan patients are at risk to develop FO due to their critical fluid balance. Furthermore, they need an adeq...

Background: The so-called Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) is one of the most common complications in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing corrective surgery. LCOS requires high concentrations of inotropes to support cardiac...

Pediatric cardiac surgery induces an increased oxidative stress (OS) response. Increased OS is associated with poor neurologic outcomes in neonatal populations with similar patterns of brain injury. We investigated OS and brain injury in infants unde...

Congenital heart defect (CHD) surgeries are performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and are complicated by several factors that affect the child’s brain. However, to date, the number of studies on brain protection in cardiac surgery remains...

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in various clinical contexts. This retrospective study evaluated the predictive utility of RDW for cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute lung injury (CPB-ALI) in pe...

Background: Chorea is a neurological disorder characterized by random, fluid movements that may affect the limbs, trunk, neck, or face. In children, Sydenham’s chorea (SC) is the most common cause of acute chorea, mainly following group A beta-...

The evolution of AI and data science has aided in mechanizing several aspects of medical care requiring critical thinking: diagnosis, risk stratification, and management, thus mitigating the burden of physicians and reducing the likelihood of human e...

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to assess the role of neuromarkers like glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), protein S100 (pS100), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as diagnostic markers of...

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently complicates the postoperative course in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery and may necessitate renal replacement therapy (RRT). Despite the increasing use of RRT in this population, data on its m...

Unrepairable congenital heart valve disease is an unsolved problem in pediatric cardiac surgery because there are no growing heart valve implants. Partial heart transplantation is a new type of transplant that aims to solve this problem. In order to...

Anesthetic neurotoxicity has been a hot topic in anesthesia for the past decade. It is of special interest to pediatric anesthesiologists. A subgroup of children potentially at greater risk for anesthetic neurotoxicity, based on a prolonged anestheti...

Background: Pediatric and congenital heart surgery (PCHS) is highly risky. Complications associated with this surgical procedure are mainly caused by the severity of the disease or the unnecessary, late, or premature execution of the procedure, which...

Background: Phrenic nerve injury is a devastating complication that results in significant morbidity and mortality. We developed a novel technique to localize the phrenic nerve and evaluate its success. Methods: Two groups of children underwent repea...

Three-dimensional (3D) virtual modeling and printing advances individualized medicine and surgery. In congenital cardiac surgery, 3D virtual models and printed prototypes offer advantages of better understanding of complex anatomy, hands-on preoperat...

Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of sternal wound infection in neonates after surgery for congenital heart disease. Methods: A case–control study was conducted to...

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in the myocardium has been thoroughly researched, especially in acute coronary syndrome and heart transplantation. However, our understanding of IRI implications on cardiac valves is still developing. This know...

Background/Objectives: A heart transplantation (HT) is the definitive treatment for heart failure. There is a difference in the success between national HT programs in developed countries and those in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean...

Background: Lower body perfusion (LBP) may be a strategy for maintaining organ perfusion during congenital heart disease surgery. It is hypothesized that renal and lower limb oxygen supply during LBP is superior to off-pump surgery and comparable to...

Congenital pericardial cysts are rare anomalies caused by the failure of fetal lacunae to coalesce into pericardial coelom. In this article a 9-year-old boy admitted with complain of palpitation in daily activities. The electrocardiography detected s...

Background: The decision to perform biventricular repair (BVR) in neonates and infants presenting with either single or multiple left ventricle outflow obstructions (LVOTOs) and a borderline left ventricle (BLV) is subject to extensive discussion, an...

The ventricular septal defect (VSD) represents the most common congenital heart defect (CHD). The diagnosis of and cardiac surgery for their child’s VSD are highly stressful experiences for parents; especially mothers, who are at risk of develo...

Background: Infants < 10 kg undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may receive either fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or other solutions in the CPB priming volume. The existing comparative studies are controversial. No study addres...

Background and Objectives: Over the years, surgical repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) outcomes have improved, however, morbidity and mortality still remain significant. This study aims to assess the early and long-term out...

Background: The term ‘left atrial appendage aneurysm’ (LAAA) has been recognized since 1962, when it was first described. It is an exceedingly rare pathology that can affect both adults and children. Often asymptomatic, it may be discover...

(1) Background: a review of the literature found a lack of standardized pediatric guidelines regarding wound management after cardiac surgery. (2) Objective: the aim of the study is to investigate the cardiac surgical wound management in Italian pedi...

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery that frequently occurs in children. The increased availability of pediatric cardiac surgery leads to yearly increases in congenital heart dis...

Neutrophils play a significant role in immune and inflammatory reactions. The preoperative inflammatory activation may have a detrimental effect on postoperative outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between preoperative hema...

Background/Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in live births in the United States. Children with DS often require anesthesia for surgery or diagnostic imaging in their lives. These children present a unique peri...

Background: Central venous catheters (CVC) are commonly required for pediatric congenital cardiac surgeries. The current standard for verification of CVC positioning following perioperative insertion is postsurgical radiography. However, incorrect po...

Background and Objectives: A functionally univentricular heart is the term used to describe congenital heart defects where it is impossible to restore two pumping chambers. These lesions are associated with high mortality, morbidity, and medical reso...

Despite significant advances in numerous fields of biofabrication, clinical application of biomaterials combined with bioactive molecules and/or cells largely remains a promise in an individualized patient settings. Three-dimensional (3D) printing an...

Arterial catheterization enables continuous hemodynamic monitoring but has been shown to cause severe complications, especially when multiple attempts are required. The aim of this study was to explore what factors were associated with multiple attem...

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasing in its popularity for the diagnosis of pulmonary complications in acute pediatric care settings. Despite the high incidence of pulmonary complications for patients with pediatric cardiovascular and congenital heart...

In September 2023, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published new guidelines for the management of endocarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a significant life-threatening disease, concerning an increasingly younger age group, especia...

Cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass exposes infants to a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of clinical and laboratory variables to predict the development of low cardiac output sy...

Hemodynamic monitoring is essential in the postoperative management of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery, enabling early identification of circulatory failure and its underlying cause, optimization of oxygen delivery to tissues, and evaluation of t...

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a novel pro-fibrotic biomarker that can predict both right and left cardiac dysfunction caused by various cardiovascular conditions. Its expression seems to be progressively altered with evolving cardiac remodeling processes, ev...

For more than a decade, stem cell therapy has been the focus of intensive efforts for the treatment of adult heart disease, and now has promise for treating the pediatric population. On the basis of encouraging results in the adult field, the applica...

Infants who undergo cardiac surgery frequently have complications that may advance to multiple organ failure and result in mortality. This study aims to compare three different multiple organ dysfunction scoring systems: the Neonatal Multiple Organ D...