Search Results (19,776)

The targeting of environmentally conscious German car drivers through product aesthetics can foster the acceptance of sustainable cars. No guidelines are currently available to designers to create product personality based on environmentally friendly design cues (EFDCs). The aim of this paper was to explore EFDCs for car interiors through bio-based materials. To address this topic, Study 1 examined a collection of bio-based material samples and samples featuring specific colors and reactions to light to determine their potential for the creation of an environmentally friendly product personality. Study 2 built on the implications of the former to examine the contribution of blue as a color and glowing attribute on the development of EFDCs. Wood veneer, cork, and cotton fabric were perceived as sustainable, natural, and renewable by most of the subjects. Brown and white leather was also perceived as sustainable. Moreover, the perception of the naturalness of materials in direct contact with blue light was reduced. Visual texture features for EFDC design are visible fibers or a wooden look. Haptic features include soft, warm, and rough surfaces, while glare, shimmer, a shiny surface, and smoothness should be avoided. The color brown should be considered, while blue, green, and yellow should be avoided. Full article

This study aims to resolve the “secondary activation” challenge when erecting structures over goaf zones by employing a novel grouting and filling material. It delves into the performance degradation of the innovative ECS soil grouting filling material (ESGF material) within the goaf’s ionic erosion context. Erosion tests were performed on ESGF material specimens with varying mix designs to mimic the sulfate and chloride erosion scenarios commonly encountered in practical engineering. The macro-mechanical properties and microstructural changes of ESGF materials under ionic erosion environment were systematically investigated by various testing methods, such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), SEM, XRD, TG, FTIR, and Raman. The findings indicate that both sulfate and chloride erosion lead to a reduction in the strength of the ESGF material. As erosion progresses, the specimens experience a mass increase followed by a decrease, with their strength exhibiting a consistent downward trend. In sulfate erosion conditions, the buildup of expansion product like ettringite (AFt) and thaumasite (TSA) inflicts substantial internal structural damage. Conversely, Friedel’s salt, the primary product of chloride erosion, exhibits relatively weaker expansiveness, and chloride concentration exerts a less pronounced effect on material degradation. Moreover, the cementitious material content and the proportion of quick-setting component play a significant role in determining the ESGF material’s resistance to erosion. By adjusting the quick-setting components ratio in response to changes in the water content of soft soil, the anti-ion erosion performance of solidified soil can be effectively enhanced. Notably, curing with a 5% sulfate maintenance could significantly improve the erosion resistance of ESGF material. This suggests that ESGF materials can be used without concern for curing issues in high-salinity environments during grouting. The research addresses the root cause of goaf subsidence while facilitating the recycling of solid waste, offering an environmentally friendly solution. Full article

Maritime power systems must reduce fuel use and emissions while improving resilience. We study a shipboard PV–battery subsystem interfaced with a DC–DC converter running maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and curve-scanning GMPPT to manage partial shading. Dynamic average-value models capture irradiance steps and show GMPPT sustains operation near the global MPP without local peak trapping. We compare converter options—conventional single-port stages, high-gain bidirectional dual-PWM converters, and three-level three-port topologies—provide sizing rules for passives, and note soft-switching in order to limit loss. A Fourier framework links the switching ripple to power quality metrics: as irradiance falls, the current THD rises while the PCC voltage distortion remains constant on a stiff bus. We make the loss relation explicit via \({{I}_{rms}^{2}R}\) scaling with THDi and propose a simple reactive power policy, assigning VAR ranges to active power bins. For AC-coupled cases, a hybrid EMT plus transient stability workflow estimates ride-through margins and critical clearing times, providing a practical path from modeling to monitoring. Full article

Hydroclimatic and geomorphological prerequisites for mudflow hazard were studied using data on several of the largest flood events in the Khamar-Daban mountain area (Lake Baikal, East Siberia) for the period from 1966 to 2022. The data include flood-forming precipitation and atmospheric circulation patterns, the amount of related suspended sediment discharge in the years of high floods, as well as terrain features favorable for the formation of catastrophic floods and mudflows. Floods and mudflows in the area can arise under conditions of extremely high daily precipitation (up to 200 mm or more) after the territory becomes moistened by prolonged rainfall under meridional air transport. The maximum water discharge correlates with a multifold increase in the suspended sediment discharge and turbidity. The increase in sediment discharge associated with maximum water discharge (floods) of ≤10% probability is apparently due to 4–9 times higher flow rates. On the other hand, the formation of the solid runoff component in the area is controlled geomorphologically by slope processes depending on slope steepness, elevation contrasts, and the thickness of soft sediments subject to denudation and transport. The geomorphological conditions are most favorable for the development of mudflows and catastrophic floods in the catchments of the Bezymyannaya, Slyudyanka, Khara-Murin, and Utulik rivers. Floods and mudflows are especially hazardous on the southern shore of Lake Baikal, encircled by the Khamar-Daban Range, where active mudflow processes pose risks to the towns of Slyudyanka and Baikalsk, as well as to the sludge storage facilities of the abandoned Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. Full article

Background: Myxofibrosarcomas are notoriously highly infiltrative soft-tissue sarcomas, making negative surgical margins difficult to obtain. Recently, vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is used to delay wound closure until a negative margin has been achieved; however, this can delay care and increase costs. Our institution has historically performed single-stage resections with intraoperative frozen margin analysis and reconstruction in these patients. The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of this technique. Methods: We reviewed 112 patients (62 males, mean age 70 ± 14 years) with superficial myxofibrosarcoma. Eighty-eight patients received preoperative radiation. All patients underwent surgical resection with intraoperative frozen margin analysis, and the planned reconstruction was performed in a single anesthetic. Results: The 10-year local recurrence-free survival was 90%; positive intraoperative frozen section (HR 7.44, p = 0.004) and final permanent margins (HR 8.53, p = 0.007) were associated with local recurrence. Intraoperative margins were negative in 103 (92%) of patients, 1 of which was positive on final permanent section. There were nine cases of microscopically positive margins, of which seven underwent immediate re-excision to a negative margin. The accuracy of frozen margin assessment for myxofibrosarcoma was between 92.92 and 98.23%. All patients underwent reconstruction at the time of resection, with 19% needing an additional procedure, most commonly due to a wound complication (12%). Conclusions: Multidisciplinary single-stage excision with intraoperative frozen margin assessment and soft-tissue reconstruction yields low rates of local recurrence in patients with superficial myxofibrosarcoma. Full article

Heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms are becoming critical components of next-generation non-terrestrial networks, enabling tasks such as communication relay, spectrum monitoring, cooperative sensing, and navigation. Yet, their heterogeneity and multifunctionality bring severe challenges in task allocation and resource scheduling, where traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning methods often suffer from high algorithmic complexity, lengthy training times, and deployment difficulties on resource-constrained nodes. To address these issues, this paper proposes a low-complexity multi-agent soft actor–critic (MASAC) framework that combines parameter sharing (shared actor with device embeddings and shared-backbone twin critics), lightweight network design (fixed-width residual MLP with normalization), and robust training mechanisms (minimum-bias twin-critic updates and entropy scheduling) within the CTDE paradigm. Simulation results show that the proposed framework achieves more than 14-fold parameter compression and over a 93% reduction in training time, while maintaining or improving performance in terms of the delay–energy utility function. These advances substantially reduce computational overhead and accelerate convergence, providing a practical pathway for deploying multi-agent reinforcement learning in large-scale heterogeneous UAV clusters and supporting diverse mission scenarios under stringent resource and latency constraints. Full article

Bimodal emotion recognition based on audio and text is widely adopted in video-constrained real-world applications such as call centers and voice assistants. However, existing systems suffer from limited cross-domain generalization and monolingual bias. To address these limitations, a cross-lingual bimodal emotion recognition method is proposed, integrating Mamba-based temporal encoders for audio (Wav2Vec2.0) and text (Jina-v3) with a Transformer-based cross-modal fusion architecture (BiFormer). Three corpus-adaptive augmentation strategies are introduced: (1) Stacked Data Sampling, in which short utterances are concatenated to stabilize sequence length; (2) Label Smoothing Generation based on Large Language Model, where the Qwen3-4B model is prompted to detect subtle emotional cues missed by annotators, producing soft labels that reflect latent emotional co-occurrences; and (3) Text-to-Utterance Generation, in which emotionally labeled utterances are generated by ChatGPT-5 and synthesized into speech using the DIA-TTS model, enabling controlled creation of affective audio–text pairs without human annotation. BiFormer is trained jointly on the English Multimodal EmotionLines Dataset and the Russian Emotional Speech Dialogs corpus, enabling cross-lingual transfer without parallel data. Experimental results show that the optimal data augmentation strategy is corpus-dependent: Stacked Data Sampling achieves the best performance on short, noisy English utterances, while Label Smoothing Generation based on Large Language Model better captures nuanced emotional expressions in longer Russian utterances. Text-to-Utterance Generation does not yield a measurable gain due to current limitations in expressive speech synthesis. When combined, the two best performing strategies produce complementary improvements, establishing new state-of-the-art performance in both monolingual and cross-lingual settings. Full article

Chromophore domains were proposed in a previous work as the mediators of self-healing of optical properties in dye-doped polymers. A statistical mechanical model based on domains matches all observed self-healing dynamics as a function of dye concentration, temperature and light intensity. This suggests that domains are responsible. However, there is no direct observation of domains, nor has their physical morphology been determined. This work reports the first observation of domains in a self-healing polymer using Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering (RSoXS), which gives a domain size in the range of 39.3 Å to 62.8 Å. This range includes the domain model’s prediction of an average domain size of roughly 30 molecules, which is about 56 Å, if the molecules form a loosely packed ball. X-ray scattering of samples of concentration spanning from neat polymer to the saturation limit of Disperse Orange 11 (DO11) dye in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer shows domains in the expected size scales, with the mode of the effective scattering width varying little with concentration. However, for constant domain shape, the mode peak would decrease in q with increasing concentration, according to the domain model. This work suggests that the domain shape might change with concentration, which warrants further investigations of domain topology and geometry. The important evidence presented in this work is the direct experimental observation of domains, which is central to self-healing models. Full article

Gunshot injuries are challenging conditions because of the unique characteristics of the wounding agents producing soft tissue damage that may be compounded by the formation of an expanding temporary cavity (cavitation). Variations in ballistic performance leading to higher energy transfer by the projectile, including bullet tumbling, deformation, and fragmentation, cause increased soft tissue injury and may also lead to more extensive bone comminution compromising local blood supply. Once life-threatening injuries have been excluded or properly addressed, the emergency management of localized trauma from bullets and shotgun pellets may be complicated due to progressive tissue necrosis within the zone of injury. Additionally, the risk of infection should be tackled, especially in high energy bone injuries. War experience suggests a baseline separation between wounds with limited tissue destruction which can routinely be managed as simple penetrating injuries and those resulting from high energy transfer to the tissues involving a substantial amount of necrotic elements surrounding the wound channel which call for a more aggressive surgical approach. A further justification for such a distinction is the need for antibiotic therapy, which varies according to most studies depending on the wounding mechanism, the nature of the wound, and the extent of tissue injury. The emergency physician should also be aware of the possibility of “bizarre” bullet paths resulting in occult injuries of important anatomic structures. Full article

Flexible light-driven actuators are emerging as critical components for next-generation soft robotics and intelligent systems, demanding simple fabrication and robust performance. This work details the optimization and characterization of a flexible, low-cost light-driven actuator based on an ink/polyurethane bilayer composite. We maximized the actuation performance, including bending angle and response speed, by systematically tuning the ink concentration and polyurethane layer thickness. Optimal results were achieved at an ink concentration of 220 mg/mL and a polyurethane thickness of 50 µm, which thermal analysis confirmed is due to an ideal balance between photothermal efficiency and mechanical integrity. The actuator also exhibited excellent durability, showing no performance degradation after 500 continuous cycles. Our results validate this material system for applications like soft grippers and offer clear design principles for enhancing photothermal actuator performance. Full article

Education can play a pivotal role in the eradication of energy poverty by facilitating the transfer of knowledge and skills to all interested stakeholders whilst also promoting the adoption of sustainable energy solutions. In the context of this paper, a comprehensive review of European master’s programs related to energy poverty is carried out, resulting in the identification of approximately of 100 programs across seven European countries that either explicitly or implicitly address the topic. In most cases, energy poverty is embedded in a broader academic discipline—such as energy systems, renewable energy, or sustainable development—rather than being treated as a standalone field. In Europe, the United Kingdom, France, Greece, and Romania were singled out as the leading contributors to energy poverty education. Within the framework of the EU-funded project “MSc in Energy Poverty Alleviation Technologies”, implemented in collaboration with South African universities, this study focuses on South Africa, which represents a characteristic example of a country facing high levels of energy poverty and significant inequalities in energy access. This work highlights the critical need for targeted academic curricula specifically designed to bridge the persistent gap between academic research and its real-world applications, particularly in regions of the world where such integration is most urgent. It also emphasizes the essential role of linking STEM education with the social and humanitarian sciences. Finally, this work underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches that connect energy poverty alleviation and education by additionally expanding the research and documentation of relevant good initiatives from Asia (China). Full article

Background: Locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) represents a significant challenge in oncology, requiring accurate assessment of local extent and metastatic spread. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has assumed a central role in the loco-regional characterization of the tumor due to its high soft-tissue resolution and the ability to integrate functional information. Objectives: In this narrative review, we explore the use of mpMRI in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment response of LACC, comparing its performance with that of PET/CT, which remains complementary for remote staging. The potential of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) and hybrid PET/MRI techniques is also analyzed, as well as the emerging applications of radiomics and artificial intelligence. The paper also discusses technical limitations, interpretative variability, and the importance of protocol standardization. The goal is to provide an updated and translational summary of imaging in LACC, with implications for clinical practice and future research. Methods: Prospective and retrospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on adult patients with cervical cancer were included. Results: Fifty-two studies were included. MRI demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity greater than 80% for parametrial and bladder invasion, but limited sensitivity (45–60%) for lymph node disease, lower than PET/CT. Multiparametric MRI was useful in early prediction of response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and in distinguishing residual disease from fibrosis. The integration of MRI into Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy (IGABT) resulted in improved oncological outcomes and reduced toxicity. The applications of radiomics and AI demonstrated enormous potential in predicting therapeutic response and lymph node status in the MRI study, but multicenter validation is still needed. Conclusions: MRI is the cornerstone of the local–regional staging of advanced cervical cancer; it has become an essential and crucial tool in treatment planning. Its use, combined with PET/CT for lymph node assessment and metastatic disease staging, is now the standard of care. Future prospects include the use of whole-body MRI and the development of predictive models based on radiomics and artificial intelligence. Full article

Background: Mandibular canal (MC) variants are common and clinically relevant for anesthesia, implant placement, third-molar surgery, and osteotomies. Reported prevalences vary widely because they depend on imaging modality, acquisition parameters, and operational definitions. Methods: This was a focused narrative review with structured methods (PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, 2000–6 October 2025; last search 6 October 2025), predefined eligibility criteria and dual independent screening; no meta-analysis was conducted. Study-selection counts are reported in the text. Prevalence statements are contextualized by modality, imaging parameters (e.g., cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) voxel size magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) field strength/sequences), and diagnostic thresholds (e.g., anterior loop (AL) criteria). Results: Compared with panoramic radiography (PR), CBCT consistently reveals more variant pathways. Typical CBCT estimates for bifid MC fall in the single-digit to low double-digit range, contingent on voxel size and definitions, whereas PR detects far fewer. Trifid canals are uncommon (≈1–2% in CBCT series). Reported retromolar canal frequencies vary broadly across populations and protocols, and AL length and prevalence are threshold-dependent. Selective MRI may complement CBCT by depicting soft-tissue branches not accompanied by a bony canal. We synthesize a variant-aware, imaging-led workflow: PR for screening; CBCT when predefined criteria are met and results are reasonably expected to change management; MRI reserved for targeted soft-tissue questions, in line with As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)/and As Low As Diagnostically Acceptable (ALADA) principles. We apply the Landfald Clinical Framework (LCF) as a hypothesis-generating, clinical synthesis tool linking variant patterns to procedural modifications and risk mitigation. Conclusions: A narrowed, clinically oriented approach—contextualizing prevalence by modality and definitions and applying an imaging-led, variant-aware workflow—can improve planning and safety in the posterior mandible. The LCF is used pragmatically within this workflow and does not constitute a new anatomical taxonomy; formal reliability and validity testing remain necessary. Full article

Near-fault ground motions significantly threaten bridges due to their distinct features, which are often inadequately considered in current seismic codes based mainly on far-field records. This study analyzes 941 near-fault records to evaluate the effects of site class, pulse-like motions, and vertical components on the peak acceleration ratio and normalized response spectra. A finite element model of a typical simply supported girder bridge is developed to examine how these factors affect pier internal forces. Results show that the peak acceleration ratio increases with softer sites and exhibits large scatter in near-fault regions, indicating that the conventional vertical-to-horizontal ratio of 0.65 may significantly underestimate vertical seismic actions. Pulse motions shift and broaden response spectra, raising seismic demands for medium- to long-period structures. Additionally, pulse effects combined with soft sites cause coupled amplification of internal forces. This work offers a theoretical basis for seismic design and assessment of similar bridges. Full article

This study aims to investigate the ecological role of sponges as habitat formers on soft-bottom habitats of the mesophotic zone. As habitat formers, sponges significantly enhance benthic habitat complexity and establish associations with a plethora of organisms consequently augmenting local biodiversity. This role becomes particularly critical in areas subjected to intensive bottom trawling, where sponges often comprise a substantial portion of the discarded material. The examination of 114 massive sponge specimens, belonging to 10 sponge species, which were collected as bycatch from bottom trawls in the Aegean and Ionian ecoregions, revealed a total of over 4600 associated individuals of 78 invertebrate taxa, with crustaceans, mollusks, and polychaetes being the dominant groups. The composition of sponge-associated communities showed strong similarities to previously reported cases from shallow water hard substrates of the eastern Mediterranean, while displaying host-specific differences likely influenced by sponge morphology. Although depth did not significantly affect species richness, Shannon diversity, or evenness, a decrease in abundance of associated invertebrates was observed in deeper samples, suggesting a depth-related pattern that deserves further investigation. By forming stable substrate “islands” in otherwise unstable soft substrate environments, sponges play a vital role in structuring benthic communities. Their removal through bottom trawling not only results in the loss of the sponges themselves, but also disrupts the diverse communities they support. We suggest that sponge-associated fauna should be recognized as part of the discarded bycatch and emphasize the need for broader assessments of sponge-mediated biodiversity across similar Mediterranean habitats to support effective management and conservation strategies. Full article