Wood, a natural material with versatile industrial applications, faces limitations such as low dimensional stability and decay resistance. To address these issues, there has been significant progress in wood modification research. Oil heat treatment...
The majority of thermal modification processes are at temperatures greater than 180 °C, resulting in a product with some properties enhanced and some diminished (e.g., mechanical properties). However, the durability of thermally modified wood to term...
Wood surface treatment aims to improve or reduce the surface activity of wood by physical treatment, chemical treatment, biological activation treatment or other methods to achieve the purpose of surface modification. After wood surface modification,...
Chemical modification of wood with green modifiers is highly desirable for sustainable development. With the aim of enhancing the water resistance and dimensional stability of fast growing wood, modifications were conducted using renewable and toxici...
Thermal modification and the degree of improved properties from the treatment depend on wood species and treatment parameters. Southern yellow pine and spruce are two wood species commonly used for decking, fences, and siding in North America. This s...
When wood is thermally modified, several chemical reactions take place that change the chemical and physical properties of the wood. These changes correlate with the degree of modification, which is mostly a function of the temperature and duration o...
Increasing the use of wood in buildings is regarded by many as a key solution to tackle climate change. For this reason, a lot of research is carried out to develop new and innovative wood surface improvements and make wood more appealing through fea...
Recent advancements in wood modification aim to enhance the inherent qualities of this versatile biological material, which includes renewability, ease of processing, and thermal insulation. This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of ligni...
Thermally modified wood has attracted an increasing interest in exteriors due to its longer service life and attractive appearance. This work evaluates the influence of the thermal modification cycle on the physical properties of ayous wood (Triploch...
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was modified using maleic anhydride (MA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) to improve its durability against wood-deteriorating fungi, mechanical strength, and fire retardancy (thermal stability). The modificatio...
Pull-off strength is an important property of solid wood, influencing the quality of paints and finishes in the modern furniture industry, as well as in historical furniture and for preservation and restoration of heritage objects. The thermal modifi...
This paper presents a survey of the state of the art of microwave (MW) treatment of wood, informed by both past and recent research papers. It begins by introducing the main concepts regarding MW technology and its advantages, presenting a holistic p...
Plasma treatment of wood surfaces has shown significant effects, but different excitation methods used for different species of wood generally result in varied characteristics of wood surfaces. Secondly, plasma modification greatly enhances the absor...
This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantations in Colombia. The effects of two heat treatments at 170 and 190 °C for 2.5 h in saturated vapor were evaluated based on the color, dimensional stabil...
Wood modification is an excellent and increasingly used method to expand the application of woody materials. Traditional methods, such as chemical or thermal, have been developed for the targeted improvement of some selected properties, unfortunately...
The use of pyrolysis-based wood conservation is a good alternative for the use of fossil-based creosotes. In this life cycle assessment (LCA) the environmental impact of a biorefinery approach of pyrolysis oil from forestry residues or maize digestat...
In this paper, a combined modification method using thermal modification and wax impregnation was investigated. The advantage of this method is that the two modification steps are completed in one step. Two different wood species, beech (Fagus sylvat...
Wood is a material of biological origin of fundamental importance for artisan and industrial uses. In outdoor environments, it is very attractive, but easily subjected to degradation. A valid alternative to chemical preservatives is thermal modificat...
Wood modification has been explored in various ways to enhance dimensional stability and reduce flammability, with a focus on environmentally friendly treatments to meet market demands. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new, potential f...
High-temperature vapour-phase acetylation (HTVPA) is a simultaneous acetylation and heat treatment process for wood modification. This study was the first investigation into the impact of HTVPA treatment on the resistance of wood to biological degrad...
Wood and natural fibers exhibit an advantageous combination of good mechanics at comparably low density. Nevertheless, comparing absolute strength and stiffness, wood is clearly inferior to materials such as metals and engineered composites. Since th...
The circular economy forces societies to take actions aimed at giving post-consumer products a “second life”. As we know, wood is perfect for this. Moreover, reusing wood helps keep carbon in circulation, thus limiting its emissions into...
Partial delignification and densification provide a pathway to significant improvement in the mechanical performance of wood. In order to elucidate potential effects of this treatment on the mechanical anisotropy of wood, partially delignified and de...
The aim of this work was to investigate the fire resistance of silver fir (Abies alba L.) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) boards charred using the traditional yakisugi method and to compare the results with the fire resistance of non-charred bo...
Wood is a versatile material that is used for various purposes due to its good properties, such as its aesthetic properties, acoustic properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, etc. Its poor dimensional stability and low natural durabilit...
Modification of cellulosic-rich materials for the production of cellulose-based polyelectrolytes (PELs) can bring several benefits, such as high biodegradability and low or no toxicity, for numerous applications, when compared with the use of traditi...
Thermo-hydro mechanical (THM) treatments and thermo-treatments are used to improve the properties of wood species and enhance their uses without the application of chemicals. This work investigates and compares the effects of THM treatments on three...
The traditional Japanese method of wood surface charring was studied. To perform the surface charring, three sawn Norway spruce and Silver fir wood boards of dimension 190 × 24 × 4000 mm3 were tied together to act as a chimney and charred in a short...
This paper examined wood preservation practices and outlook considering climate change from the perspective of Finnish experts through interviews. Key findings highlighted that: (1) pressure impregnated wood will continually evolve and secure its mar...
Hydrothermal treatment of wood, particularly steaming with saturated water steam, is often used to achieve a more intensive and homogenous wood color or to vary its hue. However, information on pear wood (Pyrus communis L.) steaming is limited in the...
Wood is a valuable material with incomparable advantages, though it is susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors action that affect it adversely and shorten its service life. In the current study, the surface modification of oak wood is carried out t...
This research investigated the selected properties of nanocellulose films intended to serve as protective patches on fissured surfaces of wooden artefacts. The effects of their plasticisation with glycerol and functionalisation with selected silanes...
In order to rationally utilize wood materials, increase wood quality, and mitigate drawbacks, research on industrial techniques for timber protection and preservation is essential on a European and global scale. When high-quality timber enters the ma...
Wood modification is now widely recognized as offering enhanced properties of wood and overcoming issues such as dimensional instability and biodegradability which affect natural wood. Typical wood modification systems use chemical modification, impr...
This study focused on the thermal modification of Gmelina arborea Roxb. wood following processes using the open reactor and low-pressure closed reactor systems. The aim is to determine the optimum treatment conditions suitable for gmelina wood due to...
There is a need for new solutions in wood protection against marine wood borers and termites in Europe. A new solution could be the esterification of wood with sorbitol and citric acid (SCA) since these are inexpensive and readily available feedstock...
Sitka spruce wood samples were subjected to different conditions of hydro-thermal treatment by varying the relative humidity (RH) and period of exposure at a constant temperature of 120 °C. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, principal component an...
The adhesion strength between the transparent acrylic or alkyd coatings and the Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst L.) wood was determined by EN ISO 4624 and analyzed concerning four variables: (a) fungicidal pre-treatment of wood with boric acid or be...
Wood is a truly sustainable and aesthetically pleasant material used in indoor and outdoor applications. Every material, including wood, is expected to have long-term durability and to retain its original appearance over time. One of the major disadv...
Wood, as a biological material, is sensitive to environmental conditions and microorganisms; therefore, wood products require protective measures to extend their service life in outdoor applications. Several modification processes are available for t...
The effect of wood modification on wood-water interactions in modified wood is poorly understood, even though water is a critical factor in fungal wood degradation. A previous review suggested that decay resistance in modified wood is caused by a red...
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) samples were heat-treated at different treatment temperatures (150, 170, and 190 °C), and the nano-mechanical properties of the wood cell wall, which was coated with a waterborne polyacrylic (WPA) lacquer prod...
Fast-growing poplar wood has the bottleneck problems of inferior mechanical strength and poor dimensional stability. In this study, the wood was modified by combined treatments of pre-compression and post-vacuum-thermo modification to improve its mec...
The thermal modification of wood in a nitrogen atmosphere shapes the functional properties of wood. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of different levels of temperature and the duration of thermal modification on the mechanical...
The paper presents changes in color and selected physico-chemical properties of alder (Alnus glutinosa) wood during the process of thermal treatment of the wood with a saturated steam-air mixture or saturated water steam in the temperature range t =...
This article presents a proposal of thermal modification of Norway spruce and sycamore maple for special wood products, mainly for musical instruments. Selected physical and acoustical characteristics (PACHs), including the density (ρ), dynamic m...
Wood protection through chemical modification has received increasing interest over the last decades due to the environmental issues related to conventional biocides or protecting products. Consequently, a wide range of new treatments are developed i...
The thermal modification of wood has emerged as a sustainable and effective method for enhancing the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of wood without the use of harmful chemicals. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art in th...
Improving the environmental performance of resins in wood treatment by using renewable chemicals has been a topic of interest for a long time. At the same time, lignin, the second most abundant biomass on earth, is produced in large scale as a side p...
Wood of black pine and poplar species were subjected to thermal modification under variant conditions, while subsequently, a number of the thermally-modified black pine specimens were subjected to surface modification with organosilane solutions, and...
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