International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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Dr. Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł

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Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: plant-virus interactions; innate immunity; biology of bromovirus; Ilarvirus; potyvirus; tobravirus; microsopy; protein localization; molecular biology; transcriptome analyses; plant cell biology; bioinformatics; phylogentics; host and viral pathogens related protein structure modeling
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Dr. Edmund Kozieł

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Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: bioinformatics; phylogentics; host and viral pathogens related protein structure modeling; plant-virus interactions; viral pathogenesis; biology of: bromovirus; Ilarvirus; potyvirus; tobravirus; microsopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant viruses are “cunning” obligatory intercellular pathogens equipped with a compact genome but that have the ability to harness complex cell host machinery for their replication, transportation and spreading through or between plants. These abilities co-evolved in parallel with developments of plant defense and were achieved by exploring weak points in host-resistant mechanisms. However, plants are active in the creation of new active or passive defense mechanisms that target viral factors or elements involved in viral infection. This active “arms race” between both interactors creates a complex, multileveled plant virus–host interaction network. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to present new advancements/findings in the understanding of plant innate immunity, host cell response, plant defense mechanisms and also the influence of plant resistance upon viruses themselves.

Dr. Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł
Dr. Edmund Kozieł
Guest Editors

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Keywords

plant viruses
cellular and molecular host response, resistance
plant–virus interaction
innate immunity
microscopy
plant defense systems
signal transduction

Published Papers (1 paper)

Research

29 pages, 7099 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Homogalacturonan Pectins Tuned as an Effect of Susceptible rbohD, Col-0-Reactions, and Resistance rbohF-, rbohD/F-Reactions to TuMV

by Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł, Edmund Kozieł, Krzysztof Treder and Piotr Rusin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5256; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105256 - 11 May 2024

Viewed by 294

Abstract

The plant cell wall is an actively reorganized network during plant growth and triggered immunity in response to biotic stress. While the molecular mechanisms managing perception, recognition, and signal transduction in response to pathogens are well studied in the context of damaging intruders, the current understanding of plant cell wall rebuilding and active defense strategies in response to plant virus infections remains poorly characterized. Pectins can act as major elements of the primary cell wall and are dynamic compounds in response to pathogens. Homogalacturonans (HGs), a main component of pectins, have been postulated as defensive molecules in plant–pathogen interactions and linked to resistance responses. This research focused on examining the regulation of selected pectin metabolism components in susceptible (rbohD-, Col-0-TuMV) and resistance (rbohF-, rbohD/F–TuMV) reactions. Regardless of the interaction type, ultrastructural results indicated dynamic cell wall rebuilding. In the susceptible reaction promoted by RbohF, there was upregulation of AtPME3 (pectin methylesterase) but not AtPME17, confirmed by induction of PME3 protein deposition. Moreover, the highest PME activity along with a decrease in cell wall methylesters compared to resistance interactions in rbohD–TuMV were noticed. Consequently, the susceptible reaction of rbohD and Col-0 to TuMV was characterized by a significant domination of low/non-methylesterificated HGs. In contrast, cell wall changes during the resistance response of rbohF and rbohD/F to TuMV were associated with dynamic induction of AtPMEI2, AtPMEI3, AtGAUT1, and AtGAUT7 genes, confirmed by significant induction of PMEI2, PMEI3, and GAUT1 protein deposition. In both resistance reactions, a dynamic decrease in PME activity was documented, which was most intense in rbohD/F–TuMV. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in cell wall methylesters, indicating that the domination of highly methylesterificated HGs was associated with cell wall rebuilding in rbohF and rbohD/F defense responses to TuMV. These findings suggest that selected PME with PMEI enzymes have a diverse impact on the demethylesterification of HGs and metabolism as a result of rboh–TuMV interactions, and are important factors in regulating cell wall changes depending on the type of interaction, especially in resistance responses. Therefore, PMEI2 and PMEI3 could potentially be important signaling resistance factors in the rboh–TuMV pathosystem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Signaling, Cellular and Molecular Plant Defense against Viruses)

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