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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 27104

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yinghui Li

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The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: soybean; genetics; gonomics; breeding; selection; gene discovery; evolution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Yingpeng Han

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Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education (Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: crop genetics and breeding; genomics and utization; gene discovery and functional analysis; soybean genomics; QTL/association mapping; molecular/classical plant breeding; disease resistance

Prof. Dr. Lijuan Qiu

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Guest Editor

Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: crop germplasm; biotechnology; molecular breeding; gene discovery; gene function

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soybean is the major source of plant protein and oil in the world. Molecular breeding has become the core technology for driving the development of global soybean production. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of important traits and further improvement in soybean using new technologies such as CRISPR genome editing for higher yield, better nutritional quality and improved stress tolerance will play a key role in achieving green and sustainable agriculture.

We seek submissions of research articles and review articles on both basic research and technological advancements in soybean breeding and genetics. We welcome articles in the areas of gene and allele identification by QTL/association mapping, gene discovery and mechanism analysis, functional molecular markers and chip development, genome-wide selection, genetic engineering, gene editing, mutagenesis and molecular pyramid breeding, among other related areas. Papers submitted to this Special Issue must report high-novelty results and/or new plausible and testable models for the integrative analysis of the different approaches applied to soybean breeding.

Prof. Dr. Yinghui Li
Prof. Dr. Yingpeng Han
Prof. Dr. Lijuan Qiu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

favorable allele identification
gene discovery
genetic analysis
molecular breeding

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5428 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Short-Season Soybean Genotypes for Resistance and Partial Resistance to Phytophthora sojae

by Shengfu He, Xiran Wang, Xiaohui Sun, Yuxin Zhao, Simei Chen, Ming Zhao, Junjiang Wu, Xiaoyu Chen, Chuanzhong Zhang, Xin Fang, Yan Sun, Bo Song, Shanshan Liu, Yaguang Liu, Pengfei Xu and Shuzhen Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6027; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076027 - 23 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1276

Abstract

Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann and Gerdemann is a soil-borne disease severely affecting soybean production worldwide. Losses caused by P. sojae can be controlled by both major genes and quantitative trait locus. Here, we tested 112 short-season soybean cultivars from Northeast China for resistance to P. sojae. A total of 58 germplasms were resistant to 7–11 P. sojae strains. Among these, Mengdou 28 and Kejiao 10-262 may harbor either Rps3a or multiple Rps genes conferring resistance to P. sojae. The remaining 110 germplasms produced 91 reaction types and may contain new resistance genes or gene combinations. Partial resistance evaluation using the inoculum layer method revealed that 34 soybean germplasms had high partial resistance, with a mean disease index lower than 30. Combining the results of resistance and partial resistance analyses, we identified 35 excellent germplasm resources as potential elite materials for resistance and tolerance in future breeding programs. In addition, we compared the radicle inoculation method with the inoculum layer method to screen for partial resistance to P. sojae. Our results demonstrate that the radicle inoculation method could potentially replace the inoculum layer method to identify partial resistance against P. sojae, and further verification with larger samples is required in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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20 pages, 3640 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GmWAK1, Novel Wall-Associated Protein Kinase, Positively Regulates Response of Soybean to Phytophthora sojae Infection

by Ming Zhao, Ninghui Li, Simei Chen, Junjiang Wu, Shengfu He, Yuxin Zhao, Xiran Wang, Xiaoyu Chen, Chuanzhong Zhang, Xin Fang, Yan Sun, Bo Song, Shanshan Liu, Yaguang Liu, Pengfei Xu and Shuzhen Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010798 - 2 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2325

Abstract

Phytophthora root rot is a destructive soybean disease worldwide, which is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae). Wall-associated protein kinase (WAK) genes, a family of the receptor-like protein kinase (RLK) genes, play important roles in the plant signaling pathways that regulate stress responses and pathogen resistance. In our study, we found a putative Glycine max wall-associated protein kinase, GmWAK1, which we identified by soybean GmLHP1 RNA-sequencing. The expression of GmWAK1 was significantly increased by P. sojae and salicylic acid (SA). Overexpression of GmWAK1 in soybean significantly improved resistance to P. sojae, and the levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), SA, and SA-biosynthesis-related genes were markedly higher than in the wild-type (WT) soybean. The activities of enzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) antioxidants in GmWAK1-overexpressing (OE) plants were significantly higher than those in in WT plants treated with P. sojae; reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation was considerably lower in GmWAK1-OE after P. sojae infection. GmWAK1 interacted with annexin-like protein RJ, GmANNRJ4, which improved resistance to P. sojae and increased intracellular free-calcium accumulation. In GmANNRJ4-OE transgenic soybean, the calmodulin-dependent kinase gene GmMPK6 and several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were constitutively activated. Collectively, these results indicated that GmWAK1 interacts with GmANNRJ4, and GmWAK1 plays a positive role in soybean resistance to P. sojae via a process that might be dependent on SA and involved in alleviating damage caused by oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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15 pages, 2050 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Loci Governing Agronomic Traits and Mutation Hotspots via a GBS-Based Genome-Wide Association Study in a Soybean Mutant Diversity Pool

by Dong-Gun Kim, Jae Il Lyu, Jung Min Kim, Ji Su Seo, Hong-Il Choi, Yeong Deuk Jo, Sang Hoon Kim, Seok Hyun Eom, Joon-Woo Ahn, Chang-Hyu Bae and Soon-Jae Kwon

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(18), 10441; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810441 - 9 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1927

Abstract

In this study, we performed a genotyping-by-sequencing analysis and a genome-wide association study of a soybean mutant diversity pool previously constructed by gamma irradiation. A GWAS was conducted to detect significant associations between 37,249 SNPs, 11 agronomic traits, and 6 phytochemical traits. In the merged data set, 66 SNPs on 13 chromosomes were highly associated (FDR p < 0.05) with the following 4 agronomic traits: days of flowering (33 SNPs), flower color (16 SNPs), node number (6 SNPs), and seed coat color (11 SNPs). These results are consistent with the findings of earlier studies on other genetic features (e.g., natural accessions and recombinant inbred lines). Therefore, our observations suggest that the genomic changes in the mutants generated by gamma irradiation occurred at the same loci as the mutations in the natural soybean population. These findings are indicative of the existence of mutation hotspots, or the acceleration of genome evolution in response to high doses of radiation. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the integration of GBS and GWAS to investigate a mutant population derived from gamma irradiation is suitable for dissecting the molecular basis of complex traits in soybeans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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14 pages, 5090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GmIAA27 Encodes an AUX/IAA Protein Involved in Dwarfing and Multi-Branching in Soybean

by Bohong Su, Haitao Wu, Yong Guo, Huawei Gao, Zhongyan Wei, Yuyang Zhao and Lijuan Qiu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8643; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158643 - 3 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1948

Abstract

Soybean plant height and branching affect plant architecture and yield potential in soybean. In this study, the mutant dmbn was obtained by treating the cultivar Zhongpin 661 with ethylmethane sulfonate. The dmbn mutant plants were shorter and more branched than the wild type. The genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a semi-dominant gene. The candidate gene was fine-mapped to a 91 kb interval on Chromosome 9 by combining BSA-seq and linkage analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that Glyma.09g193000 encoding an Aux/IAA protein (GmIAA27) was mutated from C to T in the second exon of the coding region, resulting to amino acid substitution of proline to leucine. Overexpression of the mutant type of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana inhibited apical dominance and promoted lateral branch development. Expression analysis of GmIAA27 and auxin response genes revealed that some GH3 genes were induced. GmIAA27 relies on auxin to interact with TIR1, whereas Gmiaa27 cannot interact with TIR1 owing to the mutation in the degron motif. Identification of this unique gene that controls soybean plant height and branch development provides a basis for investigating the mechanisms regulating soybean plant architecture development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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22 pages, 3807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The AP2/ERF GmERF113 Positively Regulates the Drought Response by Activating GmPR10-1 in Soybean

by Xin Fang, Jia Ma, Fengcai Guo, Dongyue Qi, Ming Zhao, Chuanzhong Zhang, Le Wang, Bo Song, Shanshan Liu, Shengfu He, Yaguang Liu, Junjiang Wu, Pengfei Xu and Shuzhen Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158159 - 24 Jul 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2168

Abstract

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are involved in biotic and abiotic stress; however, the drought resistance mechanisms of many ERFs in soybeans have not been resolved. Previously, we proved that GmERF113 enhances resistance to the pathogen Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Here, we determined that GmERF113 is induced by 20% PEG-6000. Compared to the wild-type plants, soybean plants overexpressing GmERF113 (GmERF113-OE) displayed increased drought tolerance which was characterized by milder leaf wilting, less water loss from detached leaves, smaller stomatal aperture, lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased proline accumulation, and higher Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) activities under drought stress, whereas plants with GmERF113 silenced through RNA interference were the opposite. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual effector-reporter assays showed that GmERF113 binds to the GCC-box in the GmPR10-1 promoter, activating GmPR10-1 expression directly. Overexpressing GmPR10-1 improved drought resistance in the composite soybean plants with transgenic hairy roots. RNA-seq analysis revealed that GmERF113 downregulates abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase 3 (GmABA8’-OH 3) and upregulates various drought-related genes. Overexpressing GmERF113 and GmPR10-1 increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content and reduced the expression of GmABA8’-OH3 in transgenic soybean plants and hairy roots, respectively. These results reveal that the GmERF113-GmPR10-1 pathway improves drought resistance and affects the ABA content in soybean, providing a theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of drought-tolerant soybean. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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18 pages, 4432 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Nuclear Factor Y-B Transcription Factor, GmNFYB17, Regulates Resistance to Drought Stress in Soybean

by Maolin Sun, Yue Li, Jiqiang Zheng, Depeng Wu, Chunxia Li, Zeyang Li, Ziwei Zang, Yanzheng Zhang, Qingwei Fang, Wenbin Li, Yingpeng Han, Xue Zhao and Yongguang Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7242; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137242 - 29 Jun 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2028

Abstract

Soybean is sensitive to drought stress, and increasing tolerance to drought stresses is an important target for improving the performance of soybean in the field. The genetic mechanisms underlying soybean’s drought tolerance remain largely unknown. Via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) combined with linkage analysis, we identified 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 22 quantitative trait locus (QTLs) that are significantly associated with soybean drought tolerance. One of these loci, namely qGI10-1, was co-located by GWAS and linkage mapping. The two intervals of qGI10-1 were differentiated between wild and cultivated soybean. A nuclear factor Y transcription factor, GmNFYB17, was located in one of the differentiated regions of qGI10-1 and thus selected as a candidate gene for further analyses. The analysis of 29 homologous genes of GmNFYB17 in soybean showed that most of the genes from this family were involved in drought stress. The over-expression of GmNFYB17 in soybean enhanced drought resistance and yield accumulation. The transgenic plants grew better than control under limited water conditions and showed a lower degree of leaf damage and MDA content but higher RWC, SOD activity and proline content compared with control. Moreover, the transgenic plants showed a fast-growing root system, especially regarding a higher root–top ratio and more branching roots and lateral roots. The better agronomic traits of yield were also found in GmNFYB17 transgenic plants. Thus, the GmNFYB17 gene was proven to positively regulate drought stress resistance and modulate root growth in soybean. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in soybean. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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15 pages, 3114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GmWRKY81 Encoding a WRKY Transcription Factor Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Soybean

by Wenjiao Shu, Qianghua Zhou, Peiqi Xian, Yanbo Cheng, Tengxiang Lian, Qibin Ma, Yonggang Zhou, Haiyan Li, Hai Nian and Zhandong Cai

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6518; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126518 - 10 Jun 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1994

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an essential factor that adversely limits soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) growth in acid soils. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in soybean responses to abiotic stresses. Here, GmWRKY81 was screened from genes that were differentially expressed under Al treatment in Al-tolerant soybean Baxi10 and Al-sensitive soybean Bendi2. We found that GmWRKY81 was significantly induced by 20 μM AlCl₃ and upregulated by AlCl₃ treatment for 2 h. In different tissues, the expression of GmWRKY81 was differentially induced. In 0–1 cm root tips, the expression of GmWRKY81 was induced to the highest level. The overexpression of GmWRKY81 in soybean resulted in higher relative root elongation, root weight, depth, root length, volume, number of root tips and peroxidase activity but lower root average diameter, malonaldehyde and H₂O₂ contents, indicating enhanced Al tolerance. Moreover, RNA-seq identified 205 upregulated and 108 downregulated genes in GmWRKY81 transgenic lines. Fifteen of these genes that were differentially expressed in both AlCl₃-treated and GmWRKY81-overexpressing soybean had the W-box element, which can bind to the upstream-conserved WRKY domain. Overall, the combined functional analysis indicates that GmWRKY81 may improve soybean Al tolerance by regulating downstream genes participating in Al³⁺ transport, organic acid secretion and antioxidant reactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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15 pages, 2389 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of a Candidate restorer-of-fertility Gene Rf3 Encoding a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein for the Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Soybean

by Yanyan Sun, Yan Zhang, Shungeng Jia, Chunjing Lin, Jingyong Zhang, Hao Yan, Bao Peng, Limei Zhao, Wei Zhang and Chunbao Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5388; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105388 - 11 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1933

Abstract

The cytoplasmic male sterility/restorer-of-fertility (CMS/Rf) system plays a vital role in high-efficiency hybrid seed production in crops, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). The markers linked to fertility restoration and the restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes are essential because they can facilitate the breeding of new CMS lines and production of commercial hybrid soybean seeds. To date, several soybean Rf genes have been mapped to various genetic loci in diverse genetic populations. However, the mapping range of restorer genes remains narrow, with relatively limited practical applicability. Therefore, in the present study, F₂ and F₃ segregating populations derived from the CMS line JLCMS5A crossed with the restorer line JLR2 were developed and used for Rf3 gene fine mapping. Genetic investigation indicated that the restorer line JLR2 was controlled by a single dominant gene, Rf3. By integrating bulk-segregant analysis and next-generation sequencing, a 4 Mb region on chromosome 9 was identified, which was most likely the target region harboring the candidate gene responsible for fertility restoration. This region was further narrowed down to 86.44 Kb via fine mapping in F₂ and F₃ populations using SSR, InDel, and dCAPS markers. This region contained 10 putative genes (Glyma.09G171100–Glyma.09G172000). Finally, Glyma.09G171200, which encodes a mitochondria-targeted pentatricopeptide repeat protein, was proposed as the potential candidate for Rf3 using sequence alignment and expression analysis in restorer and CMS lines. Based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Glyma.09G171200, a CAPS marker co-segregated with Rf3 named CAPS1712 was developed. Our results will be fundamental in the assisted selection and creation of potent lines for the production and rapid selection of novel restorer lines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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17 pages, 4333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sequence Variation in GmBADH2 Enhances Soybean Aroma and Is a Functional Marker for Improving Soybean Flavor

by Linlin Qian, Hangxia Jin, Qinghua Yang, Longming Zhu, Xiaomin Yu, Xujun Fu, Man Zhao and Fengjie Yuan

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084116 - 8 Apr 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2375

Abstract

The vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plant is commonly consumed in Southeast Asian countries because of its nutritional value and desirable taste. A “pandan-like” aroma is an important value-added quality trait that is rarely found in commercial vegetable soybean varieties. In this study, three novel aromatic soybean cultivars with a fragrant volatile compound were isolated. We confirmed that the aroma of these cultivars is due to the potent volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) that was previously identified in soybean. A sequence comparison of GmBADH1/2 (encoding an aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase) between aromatic and non-aromatic soybean varieties revealed a mutation with 10 SNPs and an 11-nucleotide deletion in exon 1 of GmBADH2 in Quxian No. 1 and Xiangdou. Additionally, a 2-bp deletion was detected in exon 10 of GmBADH2 in ZK1754. The mutations resulted in a frame shift and the introduction of premature stop codons. Moreover, genetic analyses indicated that the aromatic trait in these three varieties was inherited according to a single recessive gene model. These results suggested that a mutated GmBADH2 may be responsible for the aroma of these three aromatic soybean cultivars. The expression and function of GmBADH2 in aromatic soybean seeds were confirmed by qRT-PCR and CRISPR/Cas9. A functional marker developed on the basis of the mutated GmBADH2 sequence in Quxian No. 1 and Xiangdou was validated in an F₂ population. A perfect association between the marker genotypes and aroma phenotypes implied that GmBADH2 is a major aroma-conferring gene. The results of this study are potentially useful for an in-depth analysis of the molecular basis of 2-AP formation in soybean and the marker-assisted breeding of aromatic vegetable soybean cultivars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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13 pages, 2842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GmLecRlk, a Lectin Receptor-like Protein Kinase, Contributes to Salt Stress Tolerance by Regulating Salt-Responsive Genes in Soybean

by Yanzheng Zhang, Qingwei Fang, Jiqiang Zheng, Zeyang Li, Yue Li, Yuan Feng, Yingpeng Han and Yongguang Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031030 - 18 Jan 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2395

Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important oil crop that provides valuable resources for human consumption, animal feed, and biofuel. Through the transcriptome analysis in our previous study, GmLecRlk (Glyma.07G005700) was identified as a salt-responsive candidate gene in soybean. In this study, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the GmLecRlk gene expression level was significantly induced by salt stress and highly expressed in soybean roots. The pCAMBIA3300-GmLecRlk construct was generated and introduced into the soybean genome by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Compared with the wild type (WT), GmLecRlk overexpressing (GmLecRlk-ox) soybean lines had significantly enhanced fresh weight, proline (Pro) content, and catalase (CAT) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and H₂O₂ content under salt stress. These results show that GmLecRlk gene enhanced ROS scavenging ability in response to salt stress in soybean. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that GmLecRlk gene also conferred soybean salt tolerance when it was overexpressed alone in soybean hairy root. Furthermore, the combination of RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis was used to determine that GmLecRlk improves the salt tolerance of soybean by upregulating GmERF3, GmbHLH30, and GmDREB2 and downregulating GmGH3.6, GmPUB8, and GmLAMP1. Our research reveals a new mechanism of salt resistance in soybean, which exposes a novel avenue for the cultivation of salt-resistant varieties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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17 pages, 5896 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of an ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Implicated in Aluminum Tolerance in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja)

by Ke Wen, Huanting Pan, Xingang Li, Rong Huang, Qibin Ma and Hai Nian

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413264 - 9 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2617

Abstract

The toxicity of aluminum (Al) in acidic soil limits global crop yield. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-like gene superfamily has functions and structures related to transportation, so it responds to aluminum stress in plants. In this study, one half-size ABC transporter gene was isolated from wild soybeans (Glycine soja) and designated GsABCI1. By real-time qPCR, GsABCI1 was identified as not specifically expressed in tissues. Phenotype identification of the overexpressed transgenic lines showed increased tolerance to aluminum. Furthermore, GsABCI1 transgenic plants exhibited some resistance to aluminum treatment by ion translocation or changing root components. This work on the GsABCI1 identified the molecular function, which provided useful information for understanding the gene function of the ABC family and the development of new aluminum-tolerant soybean germplasm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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14 pages, 2490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of Soybean CHYR Gene Family

by Bowei Jia, Yan Wang, Dajian Zhang, Wanhong Li, Hongli Cui, Jun Jin, Xiaoxi Cai, Yang Shen, Shengyang Wu, Yongxia Guo, Mingzhe Sun and Xiaoli Sun

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(22), 12192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212192 - 11 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2685

Abstract

The CHYR (CHY ZINC-FINGER AND RING FINGER PROTEIN) proteins have been functionally characterized in iron regulation and stress response in Arabidopsis, rice and Populus. However, their roles in soybean have not yet been systematically investigated. Here, in this study, 16 GmCHYR genes with conserved Zinc_ribbon, CHY zinc finger and Ring finger domains were obtained and divided into three groups. Moreover, additional 2–3 hemerythrin domains could be found in the N terminus of Group III. Phylogenetic and homology analysis of CHYRs in green plants indicated that three groups might originate from different ancestors. Expectedly, GmCHYR genes shared similar conserved domains/motifs distribution within the same group. Gene expression analysis uncovered their special expression patterns in different soybean tissues/organs and under various abiotic stresses. Group I and II members were mainly involved in salt and alkaline stresses. The expression of Group III members was induced/repressed by dehydration, salt and alkaline stresses, indicating their diverse roles in response to abiotic stress. In conclusion, our work will benefit for further revealing the biological roles of GmCHYRs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Molecular Breeding and Genetics)

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