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25 pages, 10155 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Differential Metabolites as Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction

by Jie Zhou, Hai-Tao Hou, Yu Song, Xiao-Lin Zhou, Huan-Xin Chen, Li-Li Zhang, Hong-Mei Xue, Qin Yang and Guo-Wei He

Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050532 - 29 Apr 2024

Viewed by 430

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI), including ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolomics technology was used to explore differential metabolites (DMs) as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of STEMI and NSTEMI. In the study, [...] Read more.

Myocardial infarction (MI), including ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolomics technology was used to explore differential metabolites (DMs) as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of STEMI and NSTEMI. In the study, 2531 metabolites, including 1925 DMs, were discovered. In the selected 27 DMs, 14 were successfully verified in a new cohort, and the AUC values were all above 0.8. There were 10 in STEMI group, namely L-aspartic acid, L-acetylcarnitine, acetylglycine, decanoylcarnitine, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, ferulic acid, itaconic acid, lauroylcarnitine, myristoylcarnitine, and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline, and 5 in NSTEMI group, namely L-aspartic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitoleic acid, D-aspartic acid, and palmitelaidic acid. These 14 DMs may be developed as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of MI with high sensitivity and specificity. These findings have particularly important clinical significance for NSTEMI patients because these patients have no typical ECG changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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12 pages, 808 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cholesterol Content of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins Is Associated with 1-Year Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients

by Vesna Degoricija, Iva Klobučar, Ines Potočnjak, Sanda Dokoza Terešak, Luka Vidović, Gudrun Pregartner, Andrea Berghold, Hansjörg Habisch, Tobias Madl and Saša Frank

Biomolecules 2022, 12(10), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12101542 - 21 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1827

Abstract

Considering the relationship between the extent of metabolic derangement and the disease severity in heart failure, we hypothesized that the lipid content of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) may have prognostic value for 1 year mortality in acute heart failure (AHF). Baseline serum levels of [...] Read more.

Considering the relationship between the extent of metabolic derangement and the disease severity in heart failure, we hypothesized that the lipid content of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) may have prognostic value for 1 year mortality in acute heart failure (AHF). Baseline serum levels of VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), VLDL triglycerides (VLDL-TG), VLDL phospholipids (VLDL-PL), and VLDL apolipoprotein B (VLDL-apoB) were measured using NMR spectroscopy. We calculated the ratios of the respective VLDL lipids and VLDL apoB (VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB, VLDL-TG/VLDL-apoB, and VLDL-PL/VLDL-apoB), as estimators of the cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid content of VLDL particles and tested their association with mortality. Out of 315 AHF patients, 118 (37.5%) patients died within 1 year after hospitalization for AHF. Univariable Cox regression analyses revealed a significant inverse association of VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB (hazard ratio (HR) 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.64, p < 0.001), VLDL-TG/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88, p < 0.001), and VLDL-PL/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25–0.56, p < 0.001) with 1 year mortality. Of the tested parameters, only VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB remained significant after adjustment for age and sex, as well as other clinical and laboratory parameters that showed a significant association with 1 year mortality in the univariable analyses. We conclude that cholesterol content of circulating VLDL (VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB) might be of prognostic value in AHF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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12 pages, 1272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serum Catestatin Levels Correlate with Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Indices of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Primary Hypertension

by Marko Kumric, Josip Vrdoljak, Goran Dujic, Daniela Supe-Domic, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, Zeljko Dujic and Josko Bozic

Biomolecules 2022, 12(9), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12091204 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2037

Abstract

Accumulating data suggests that catestatin, an eclectic neuroendocrine peptide, is involved in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension (PH). Nevertheless, clinical studies concerning its role in PH are still scarce. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore an association between serum catestatin [...] Read more.

Accumulating data suggests that catestatin, an eclectic neuroendocrine peptide, is involved in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension (PH). Nevertheless, clinical studies concerning its role in PH are still scarce. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore an association between serum catestatin levels, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in patients with PH and healthy controls. In this single-center study, 72 patients aged 40–70 diagnosed with PH, and 72 healthy controls were included. In patients with PH, serum catestatin concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the healthy controls (29.70 (19.33–49.48) ng/mL vs. 5.83 (4.21–8.29) ng/mL, p < 0.001). Untreated patients had significantly higher serum catestatin than patients treated with antihypertensive drugs (41.61 (22.85–63.83) ng/mL vs. 24.77 (16.41–40.21) ng/mL, p = 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum catestatin levels retained a significant association with mean arterial pressure (β ± standard error, 0.8123 ± 0.3037, p < 0.009) after model adjustments for age, sex and body mass index. Finally, catestatin levels positively correlated with pulse wave velocity (r = 0.496, p < 0.001) and central augmentation index (r = 0.441, p < 0.001), but not with peripheral resistance. In summary, increased serum catestatin concentration in PH, predominantly in the untreated subgroup, and its association with ambulatory BP and arterial stiffness address the role of this peptide in PH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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11 pages, 511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FOXA3 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Metabolic Parameters in Individuals with Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Healthy Controls—The GEA Mexican Study

by Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón, José Manuel Fragoso, Julian Ramírez-Bello and Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez

Biomolecules 2022, 12(5), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12050601 - 19 Apr 2022

Viewed by 1690

Abstract

FOXA3 is a transcription factor involved in the macrophage cholesterol efflux and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport reducing the atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to establish if the FOXA3 polymorphisms are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) and cardiometabolic parameters. Two FOXA3 polymorphisms [...] Read more.

FOXA3 is a transcription factor involved in the macrophage cholesterol efflux and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport reducing the atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to establish if the FOXA3 polymorphisms are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) and cardiometabolic parameters. Two FOXA3 polymorphisms (rs10410870 and rs10412574) were determined in 386 individuals with SA and 1070 controls. No association with SA was observed. The rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of having total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, non-HDL-cholesterol > 160 mg/dL, and a high risk of having LDL pattern B and insulin resistance adipose tissue in individuals with SA, and with a high risk of having interleukin 10 <p25 and magnesium deficiency in controls. The rs10412574 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of insulin resistance of the adipose tissue and a high risk of aspartate aminotransferase >p75 in individuals with SA, and with a low risk of LDL pattern B and a high risk of a magnesium deficiency in controls. Independent analysis in 846 individuals showed that the rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a high risk of aortic valve calcification. In summary, FOXA3 polymorphisms were not associated with SA; however, they were associated with cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with and without SA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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Review

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19 pages, 635 KiB

Open AccessReview

Circulating Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update

by Michele Correale, Lucia Tricarico, Ester Maria Lucia Bevere, Francesco Chirivì, Francesca Croella, Paolo Severino, Valentina Mercurio, Damiano Magrì, Frank Dini, Roberto Licordari, Matteo Beltrami, Giuseppe Dattilo, Andrea Salzano and Alberto Palazzuoli

Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050552 - 3 May 2024

Viewed by 606

Abstract

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involves complex mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, [...] Read more.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involves complex mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, RV remodeling, cellular hypoxia, metabolic imbalance, and thrombosis. These mechanisms are mediated by several pathways, involving molecules like nitric oxide and prostacyclin. PAH diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and right heart catheterization, confirming a value of mPAP ≥ 20 mmHg at rest and often elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Even if an early and accurate diagnosis is crucial, PAH still lacks effective biomarkers to assist in its diagnosis and prognosis. Biomarkers could contribute to arousing clinical suspicion and serve for prognosis prediction, risk stratification, and dynamic monitoring in patients with PAH. The aim of the present review is to report the main novelties on new possible biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of PAH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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21 pages, 1126 KiB

Open AccessReview

Beyond Natriuretic Peptides: Unveiling the Power of Emerging Biomarkers in Heart Failure

by Roberto Licordari, Michele Correale, Salvatore Bonanno, Matteo Beltrami, Michele Ciccarelli, Antonio Micari, Alberto Palazzuoli and Giuseppe Dattilo

Biomolecules 2024, 14(3), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030309 - 6 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1090

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and imposes considerable burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Traditional management strategies, primarily relying on clinical assessments and standard biomarkers like natriuretic peptides, face [...] Read more.

Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and imposes considerable burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Traditional management strategies, primarily relying on clinical assessments and standard biomarkers like natriuretic peptides, face limitations due to the heterogeneity of HF. This review aims to delve into the evolving landscape of non-natriuretic biomarkers and the transformative potential of omics technologies, underscoring their roles in advancing HF treatment towards precision medicine. By offering novel insights into the biological underpinnings of HF, including inflammation, myocardial stress, fibrosis, and metabolic disturbances, these advancements facilitate more accurate patient phenotyping and individualized treatment strategies. The integration of non-natriuretic biomarkers and omics technologies heralds a pivotal shift in HF management, enabling a move towards tailored therapeutic interventions. This approach promises to enhance clinical outcomes by improving diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and monitoring therapeutic responses. However, challenges such as the variability in biomarker levels, cost-effectiveness, and the standardization of biomarker testing across different healthcare settings pose hurdles to their widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the promise of precision medicine in HF, driven by these innovative biomarkers and technologies, offers a new horizon for improving patient care and outcomes. This review advocates for the further integration of these advancements into clinical practice, highlighting the need for ongoing research to fully realize their potential in transforming the landscape of heart failure management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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20 pages, 786 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology: Antineoplastic Drug Cardiotoxicity and Beyond

by Umberto Attanasio, Elena Di Sarro, Lucia Tricarico, Daniela Di Lisi, Giuseppe Armentaro, Sofia Miceli, Francesco Fioretti, Martino Deidda, Michele Correale, Giuseppina Novo, Angela Sciacqua, Savina Nodari, Christian Cadeddu, Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti, Alberto Palazzuoli and Valentina Mercurio

Biomolecules 2024, 14(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020199 - 7 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1201

Abstract

Serum biomarkers represent a reproducible, sensitive, minimally invasive and inexpensive method to explore possible adverse cardiovascular effects of antineoplastic treatments. They are useful tools in risk stratification, the early detection of cardiotoxicity and the follow-up and prognostic assessment of cancer patients. In this [...] Read more.

Serum biomarkers represent a reproducible, sensitive, minimally invasive and inexpensive method to explore possible adverse cardiovascular effects of antineoplastic treatments. They are useful tools in risk stratification, the early detection of cardiotoxicity and the follow-up and prognostic assessment of cancer patients. In this literature review, we aim at describing the current state of knowledge on the meaning and the usefulness of cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with cancer; analyzing the intricate relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease (especially HF) and how this affects cardiovascular and tumor biomarkers; exploring the role of cardiovascular biomarkers in the risk stratification and in the identification of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity; and providing a summary of the novel potential biomarkers in this clinical setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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20 pages, 849 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Dark Side of Sphingolipids: Searching for Potential Cardiovascular Biomarkers

by Paola Di Pietro, Carmine Izzo, Angela Carmelita Abate, Paola Iesu, Maria Rosaria Rusciano, Eleonora Venturini, Valeria Visco, Eduardo Sommella, Michele Ciccarelli, Albino Carrizzo and Carmine Vecchione

Biomolecules 2023, 13(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13010168 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2818

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among [...] Read more.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among them, most studies place emphasis on the cardiovascular effect of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), reporting correlation between their aberrant expression and CVD risk factors. In experimental in vivo models, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis averts the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In humans, levels of circulating sphingolipids have been suggested as prognostic indicators for a broad spectrum of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of sphingolipids’ contribution to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical findings. Cumulatively, these studies indicate that monitoring sphingolipid level alterations could allow for better assessment of cardiovascular disease progression and/or severity, and also suggest them as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention. Some approaches may include the down-regulation of specific sphingolipid species levels in the circulation, by inhibiting critical enzymes that catalyze ceramide metabolism, such as ceramidases, sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases. Therefore, manipulation of the sphingolipid pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

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