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Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Endocrine Neoplasms

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A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4825

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pietro Giorgio Calò

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Guest Editor

Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 40-09124 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: thyroid; thyroidectomy; thyroid cancer; endocrine surgery; thyroid surgery; parathyroid; parathyroid surgery; parathyroidectomy; lymph node dissection; sentinel lymph node
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Prof. Dr. Salvatore Sorrenti

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Guest Editor

Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: thyroid cancer; breast cancer
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Prof. Dr. Fabio Medas

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Guest Editor

Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: endocrine surgery; thyroid; parathyroid; mini-invasive surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Endocrine neoplasm surgery has changed dramatically In the last few decades in light of the development of mini-invasive surgery, together with the principles of tailored and precision surgery and advances in the technology at our disposal (e.g., intraoperative nerve monitoring, near-infrared fluorescent imaging).

Nevertheless, many issues remain, for example, the indication and extent of surgery for thyroid carcinoma, the therapeutic options for poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, the management of patients with parathyroid carcinoma, the best surgical approach for patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, and research on novel biomarkers for neuroendocrine neoplasms.

For this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

Thyroid carcinoma;
Parathyroid carcinoma;
Adrenal glands neoplasms;
Neuroendocrine neoplasms.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Pietro Giorgio Calò
Prof. Dr. Salvatore Sorrenti
Prof. Dr. Fabio Medas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

thyroid carcinoma
thyroidectomy
parathyroid carcinoma
parathyroidectomy
adrenal gland neoplasms
adrenalectomy
neuroendocrine neoplasms

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation of pN Stage and Hypoechogenicity with Tumour Encapsulation and Vascular Invasion in Thyroid Cancer (TC): A Comprehensive Analysis and Clinical Outcomes

by Krzysztof Jurkiewicz, Michał Miciak, Szymon Biernat, Beata Wojtczak and Krzysztof Kaliszewski

Cancers 2024, 16(11), 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112019 - 26 May 2024

Viewed by 321

Abstract

In this retrospective study, the relationship between the pN stage of TC and the ultrasound hypoechogenicity of tumour encapsulation and vascular invasion was investigated. The data of a total of 678 TC patients were analysed. The goal of this study was to assess the significance of the pTNM score and preoperative ultrasound features in predicting cancer prognosis and guiding therapeutic decisions in patients with TC. The main research methods included a retrospective analysis of patient data, mainly the pTNM score and presence of tumour encapsulation and vascular invasion obtained from histopathological results and preoperative ultrasound imaging. Patients with well-differentiated TCs (papillary and follicular) were extracted from TC patients to better unify the results because of similar clinical strategies for these TCs. Significant associations were observed between advanced pN stage and the presence of encapsulation and vessel invasion. The majority of pN1a patients exhibited encapsulation (77.71%; p < 0.0001) and vascular invasion (75.30%; p < 0.0001), as did the majority of pN1b patients (100%; p < 0.0001 and 100%; p < 0.0001, respectively). Less than half of the patients with hypoeghogenic patterns presented with encapsulation (43.30%; p < 0.0001) and vascular invasion (43.52%; p < 0.0001), while the vast majority of patients without hypoechogenicity did not present with encapsulation (90.97%; p < 0.0001) or vascular invasion (90.97%; p < 0.0001). Hypoechogenicity was found to be indicative of aggressive tumour behaviour. The results of this study underscore the importance of accurate N staging in TC and suggests the potential use of ultrasound features in predicting tumour behaviour. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore additional prognostic markers to streamline TC management strategies and improve patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Endocrine Neoplasms)

9 pages, 417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surgical Management of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules across Different World Regions: Results from a Retrospective Multicentric (the MAIN-NODE) Study

by Gian Luigi Canu, Federico Cappellacci, Ahmed Abdallah, Islam Elzahaby, David Figueroa-Bohorquez, Eleonora Lori, Julie A. Miller, Sergio Zúñiga Pavia, Pilar Pinillos, Atcharaporn Pongtippan, Saleh Saleh Saleh, Salvatore Sorrenti, Chutintorn Sriphrapradang, Pietro Giorgio Calò and Fabio Medas

Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3996; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153996 - 7 Aug 2023

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Abstract

Indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) are characterized by an expected malignancy ranging from 5% to 30%, with most patients undergoing a diagnostic, rather than therapeutic, operation. The aim of our study was to compare the approach to ITNs across different regions of the world. In this retrospective, multicentric, international study, according to the WHO classification, we identified the South East Asian Region (SEAR), the Americas Region (AMR), the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), the Europe Region (EUR), and the Western Pacific Region (WPR). One high-volume thyroid centre was included for each region. Demographic, preoperative, and pathologic data were compared among the different regions. Overall, 5737 patients from five high-volume thyroid centres were included in this study. We found that the proportion of ITNs over the global activity for thyroid disease was higher in the EUR (37.6%) than in the other regions (21.1–23.6%). In the EMR, the patients were significantly younger (with a mean of 43.1 years) than in the other regions (range, 48.8–57.4 years). The proportion of lobectomy was significantly higher in the WPR, where 83.2% (114/137) of patients received this treatment, than in the other regions, where lobectomies were performed in 44.1–58.1% of patients. The pathological diagnosis of malignancy was significantly higher in the SEAR centre, being over 60%, than in centres of the other regions, where it ranged from 26.3% to 41.3%. The occurrence of lymph node metastases was higher in the WPR (27.8%), AMR (26.9%), and EMR (20%) centres than in the EUR and SEAR centres, where it was lower than 10%. In summary, we found in our study different approaches and outcomes in the diagnosis and treatment of ITNs among countries. Overall, almost 60% of patients with ITNs who underwent surgery actually presented a benign disease, potentially undergoing an unnecessary operation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Endocrine Neoplasms)

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12 pages, 4740 KiB

Open AccessArticle

US Evaluation of Topical Hemostatic Agents in Post-Thyroidectomy

by Vincenzo Dolcetti, Eleonora Lori, Daniele Fresilli, Giovanni Del Gaudio, Chiara Di Bella, Patrizia Pacini, Vito D’Andrea, Fabrizio Maria Frattaroli, Giulia Giordana Vallone, Piero Liberatore, Daniele Pironi, Gian Luigi Canu, Pietro Giorgio Calò, Vito Cantisani and Salvatore Sorrenti

Cancers 2023, 15(9), 2644; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092644 - 7 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1781

Abstract

Background: the aim of this study was to describe the ultrasound appearance of topical hemostatics after thyroidectomy. Methods: we enrolled 84 patients who were undergoing thyroid surgery and were treated with two types of topical hemostats, 49 with an absorbable hemostat of oxidized regenerated cellulose (Oxitamp^®) and 35 with a fibrin glue-based hemostat (Tisseel^®). All patients were examined using B-mode ultrasound. Results: In 39 patients of the first group (approximately 80%), a hemostatic residue was detected and in some cases confused with a native gland residue, or with cancer recurrence in oncological patients. No residue was detected in patients in the second group. The main ultrasound characteristics of the tampon were analyzed and arranged according to predefined patterns, and suggestions to recognize it and avoid wrong diagnoses were provided. A part of the group of patients with tampon residue was re-evaluated after 6–12 months, ensuring that the swab remained for months after the maximum resorption time declared by the manufacturer. Conclusions: with equal hemostatic effectiveness, the fibrin glue pad is more favorable in the ultrasound follow-up because it creates reduced surgical outcomes. It is also important to know and recognize the ultrasound characteristics of oxidized cellulose-based hemostats in order to reduce the number of diagnostic errors and inappropriate diagnostic investigations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Endocrine Neoplasms)

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Review

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58 pages, 1552 KiB

Open AccessReview

Personalized Management of Malignant and Non-Malignant Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid: A Proposed 10-Item Algorithm Approach

by Mara Carsote, Mihai-Lucian Ciobica, Oana-Claudia Sima, Adrian Ciuche, Ovidiu Popa-Velea, Mihaela Stanciu, Florina Ligia Popa and Claudiu Nistor

Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1868; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101868 - 14 May 2024

Viewed by 526

Abstract

We aimed to analyze the management of the ectopic mediastinal thyroid (EMT) with respect to EMT-related cancer and non-malignant findings related to the pathological report, clinical presentation, imaging traits, endocrine profile, connective tissue to the cervical (eutopic) thyroid gland, biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA) results, surgical techniques and post-operatory outcome. This was a comprehensive review based on revising any type of freely PubMed-accessible English, full-length original papers including the keywords “ectopic thyroid” and “mediastinum” from inception until March 2024. We included 89 original articles that specified EMTs data. We classified them into four main groups: (I) studies/case series (n = 10; N = 36 EMT patients); (II) malignant EMTs (N = 22 subjects; except for one newborn with immature teratoma in the EMT, only adults were reported; mean age of 62.94 years; ranges: 34 to 90 years; female to male ratio of 0.9). Histological analysis in adults showed the following: papillary (N = 11/21); follicular variant of the papillary type (N = 2/21); Hürthle cell thyroid follicular malignancy (N = 1/21); poorly differentiated (N = 1/21); anaplastic (N = 2/21); medullary (N = 1/21); lymphoma (N = 2/21); and MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) (N = 1/21); (III) benign EMTs with no thyroid anomalies (N = 37 subjects; mean age of 56.32 years; ranges: 30 to 80 years; female to male ratio of 1.8); (IV) benign EMTs with thyroid anomalies (N = 23; female to male ratio of 5.6; average age of 52.1 years). This panel involved clinical/subclinical hypothyroidism (iatrogenic, congenital, thyroiditis-induced, and transitory type upon EMT removal); thyrotoxicosis (including autonomous activity in EMTs that suppressed eutopic gland); autoimmune thyroiditis/Graves’s disease; nodules/multinodular goiter and cancer in eutopic thyroid or prior thyroidectomy (before EMT detection). We propose a 10-item algorithm that might help navigate through the EMT domain. To conclude, across this focused-sample analysis (to our knowledge, the largest of its kind) of EMTs, the EMT clinical index of suspicion remains low; a higher rate of cancer is reported than prior data (18.8%), incident imagery-based detection was found in 10–14% of the EMTs; surgery offered an overall good outcome. A wide range of imagery, biopsy/FNA and surgical procedures is part of an otherwise complex personalized management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Endocrine Neoplasms)

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