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12 pages, 1030 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effect on Muscle Cellularity of Diet Supplementation with Nannochloropsis gaditana Microalgae in the Final Fattening Phase of Gilthead Seabream Culture up to Commercial Size

by María Dolores Ayala, Elena Chaves-Pozo, María Isabel Sáez, Alba Galafat, Francisco Javier Alarcón, Tomás Francisco Martínez and Marta Arizcun

Fishes 2023, 8(11), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8110532 - 24 Oct 2023

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Abstract

Previous studies have shown that Nannochloropsis gaditana can partially replace fishmeal in the diet of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. However, its effect on muscle growth is hardly known. This experiment was carried out with gilthead seabream adults that were fed with N. [...] Read more.

Previous studies have shown that Nannochloropsis gaditana can partially replace fishmeal in the diet of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. However, its effect on muscle growth is hardly known. This experiment was carried out with gilthead seabream adults that were fed with N. gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5 or 5%) either raw (R2.5 and R5 groups) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 groups) for 45 days in the final fattening phase. The body length and body weight were measured in all fish at the beginning and end of the experiment. Also, the white muscle transverse area (WM), size, number and fibrillar density of the white fibers were measured in 9 fish group⁻¹. After 45 days, the body parameters and the WM did not show significant differences among the groups. However, muscle cellularity did show significant differences, such that the hypertrophy values were higher in the H2.5 and H5 than in the R2.5 and R5 groups. On the contrary, R2.5 and R5 showed the highest fibrillar density and hyperplasia values, which are often positively correlated with the fillet firmness and therefore could improve the final quality of the fish. No significant differences attributable to the inclusion levels of N. gaditana were observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Feed Additives on Fish Health and Fillet Quality)

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14 pages, 3270 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins Alleviate the Detrimental Effects of Dietary Histamine on Intestinal Health of Juvenile American Eels (Anguilla rostrata)

by Shuo Wang, Yingxia He, Feng Xi, Ying Liang and Shaowei Zhai

Fishes 2023, 8(8), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080413 - 12 Aug 2023

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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in alleviating the detrimental effects of intestinal health caused by dietary histamine in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata). A total of 480 fish with a similar body weight of 10.84 ± [...] Read more.

This study was conducted to evaluate the oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in alleviating the detrimental effects of intestinal health caused by dietary histamine in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata). A total of 480 fish with a similar body weight of 10.84 ± 0.16 g were randomly divided into four groups, and there were the control group fed a basal diet, the HIS group fed a diet with a high level of histamine (534 mg/kg), the H + OPC I group fed the high histamine diet with 300 mg/kg OPC, and the H + OPC II group fed the high histamine diet with 600 mg/kg OPC, respectiviely. After the fish were fed the trial diets for 77 days, the intestinal samples were taken, and the related parameters of intestinal health were analyzed. Dietary 300 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg OPC could reverse the decreased activities of lipase, protease, and glutathione peroxidase and the level of total antioxidant capacity, the increased intestinal malondialdehyde and D-lactate acid levels and the activity of diamine oxidase in serum, and the decreased villus height caused by a high level of dietary histamine. There were no significant differences above all the indices between the H + OPC I group and the H + OPC II group. The higher relative abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria were induced by the high level of dietary histamine. Dietary 300 mg/kg OPC might increase the relative abundance of the potential probiotics and inhibit the colonization of intestinal pathogenic bacteria of juvenile American eels exposed to the stress of high dietary hisatamine. The intestinal health status of the H + OPC groups was similar to that of the control group. These results suggested that dietary 300 mg/kg OPC might alleviate the detrimental effects of dietary 534 mg/kg histamine on the intestine health of juvenile American eels by increasing the activity of digestive enzymes, improving the antioxidative potential and barrier function, and beneficially modulating the intestinal microbiota. Dietary 600 mg/kg OPC could not exert further improvement in growth performance and the intestinal health of juvenile American eels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Feed Additives on Fish Health and Fillet Quality)

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11 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of γ-Irradiated Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruit on Growth, Immunological and Antioxidant Parameters of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

by Marzieh Heidarieh, Amin Gholamhosseini, Najmeh Sheikhzadeh and Maria Angeles Esteban

Fishes 2023, 8(5), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8050251 - 9 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1205

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of γ-irradiated date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera), which is rich in phenolic acids and has important and varied biological bioactivities, on growth performance, mucosal immunity and liver antioxidant status in [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of γ-irradiated date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera), which is rich in phenolic acids and has important and varied biological bioactivities, on growth performance, mucosal immunity and liver antioxidant status in goldfish (Carassius auratus). The antioxidant activity, alongside the phenolic and flavonoid contents, were also determined in irradiated palm fruit extracts (IPFE). The results showed that IPFE5 had a higher antioxidant activity as well as heightened phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to IPFE10 and IPFE0. Meanwhile, goldfish specimens were randomly divided into three groups with three replicates in each. Subsequently, skin immunity and antioxidant activity in the livers of the goldfish were studied. The growth rates of fish fed with IPFE5 and IPFE10 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the CTR group. In addition, fish fed with the IPFE5 diet demonstrated increased mucosal immunity compared to the CTR group (p < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation levels as well as antioxidant enzyme activities were also higher in all the IPFE-fed groups compared to the CTR group (p < 0.05). These data showed that 40-day dietary administration of γ-irradiated date extract, especially IPFE5, improved growth performance, mucosal immunity, and liver antioxidant capacity in goldfish. The suitability of administrating this additive in the diet of farmed fish is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Feed Additives on Fish Health and Fillet Quality)

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