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Oral Cancer and Disease in Humans and Animals

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 1483

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
3. Pathology Department, INNO Serviços Especializados em Veterinária, Braga, Portugal
Interests: oral cancer; veterinary pathology; comparative pathology; molecular pathology; immunohistochemistry

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
Interests: oral cancer; oral leukoplakia; prognostic markers; laser; immunohistochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increase in the mean life expectancy of humans as well as companion animals probably contributes to a higher incidence of neoplasms, with oncological disease today representing a major cause of death; however, there are important gaps in the knowledge of and subsequent interventions in these neoplasms, including many factors, such as the late diagnosis of neoplastic lesions and a lack of treatment options, that contribute to the poor survival of these patients. From this point of view, the molecular study of tumors and the search for molecules with prognostic value (cancer biomarkers, molecular diagnostics, immunotherapy, etc.) can open doors for a specialized characterization of tumors of each human or companion animal patient and better prognoses. This Special Issue is interested in the molecular pathology of oral carcinogenesis (including head and neck neoplasms) in human and veterinary patients that might contribute to an increase in the knowledge on oral oncology.

Dr. Maria Leonor Delgado
Dr. Luís Monteiro
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer biomarkers
  • mitosis
  • cell cycle
  • animal models
  • comparative pathology
  • cancer stem cell
  • cancer epidemiology
  • cancer risk factors
  • cancer biomarker
  • tissue microarray
  • immunohistochemistry
  • microarray
  • microRNA
  • molecular diagnostics
  • proteomics
  • tumor microenvironment
  • treatment response
  • targeted therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • translation cancer research
  • zoonosis
  • gross pathology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

34 pages, 664 KiB  
Review
Unraveling the Keratin Expression in Oral Leukoplakia: A Scoping Review
by Guru Murthy O, Jeremy Lau, Ramesh Balasubramaniam, Agnieszka M. Frydrych and Omar Kujan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5597; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115597 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 272
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are one of three polymeric structures that form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. In the epithelium, these filaments are made up of a variety of keratin proteins. Intermediate filaments complete a wide range of functions in keratinocytes, including maintaining cell structure, [...] Read more.
Intermediate filaments are one of three polymeric structures that form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. In the epithelium, these filaments are made up of a variety of keratin proteins. Intermediate filaments complete a wide range of functions in keratinocytes, including maintaining cell structure, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration, and more. Given that these functions are intimately associated with the carcinogenic process, and that hyperkeratinization is a quintessential feature of oral leukoplakias, the utility of keratins in oral leukoplakia is yet to be fully explored. This scoping review aims to outline the current knowledge founded on original studies on human tissues regarding the expression and utility of keratins as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in oral leukoplakias. After using a search strategy developed for several scientific databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OVID, 42 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. One more article was added when it was identified through manually searching the list of references. The included papers were published between 1989 and 2024. Keratins 1–20 were investigated in the 43 included studies, and their expression was assessed in oral leukoplakia and dysplasia cases. Only five studies investigated the prognostic role of keratins in relation to malignant transformation. No studies evaluated keratins as a diagnostic adjunct or predictive tool. Evidence supports the idea that dysplasia disrupts the terminal differentiation pathway of primary keratins. Gain of keratin 17 expression and loss of keratin 13 were significantly observed in differentiated epithelial dysplasia. Also, the keratin 19 extension into suprabasal cells has been associated with the evolving features of dysplasia. The loss of keratin1/keratin 10 has been significantly associated with high-grade dysplasia. The prognostic value of cytokeratins has shown conflicting results, and further studies are required to ascertain their role in predicting the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Cancer and Disease in Humans and Animals)
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21 pages, 1574 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks in the Development of Oral Cancer
by Stephen S. Prime, Piotr Darski, Keith D. Hunter, Nicola Cirillo and E. Kenneth Parkinson
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 4092; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25074092 - 7 Apr 2024
Viewed by 890
Abstract
We explore the possibility that defects in genes associated with the response and repair of DNA double strand breaks predispose oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) to undergo malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Defects in the homologous recombination/Fanconi anemia (HR/FA), but [...] Read more.
We explore the possibility that defects in genes associated with the response and repair of DNA double strand breaks predispose oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) to undergo malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Defects in the homologous recombination/Fanconi anemia (HR/FA), but not in the non-homologous end joining, causes the DNA repair pathway to appear to be consistent with features of familial conditions that are predisposed to OSCC (FA, Bloom’s syndrome, Ataxia Telangiectasia); this is true for OSCC that occurs in young patients, sometimes with little/no exposure to classical risk factors. Even in Dyskeratosis Congenita, a disorder of the telomerase complex that is also predisposed to OSCC, attempts at maintaining telomere length involve a pathway with shared HR genes. Defects in the HR/FA pathway therefore appear to be pivotal in conditions that are predisposed to OSCC. There is also some evidence that abnormalities in the HR/FA pathway are associated with malignant transformation of sporadic cases OPMD and OSCC. We provide data showing overexpression of HR/FA genes in a cell-cycle-dependent manner in a series of OPMD-derived immortal keratinocyte cell lines compared to their mortal counterparts. The observations in this study argue strongly for an important role of the HA/FA DNA repair pathway in the development of OSCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Cancer and Disease in Humans and Animals)
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