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Biomarkers, Therapeutic Opportunities and Tumor Microenvironment in Solid and Hematological...
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Biomarkers, Therapeutic Opportunities and Tumor Microenvironment in Solid and Hematological Tumors: Past, Present, and Future

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Disease Biomarker".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2024 | Viewed by 6232

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrea Palicelli

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Guest Editor
Pathology Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Interests: international collaborations for research; surgical pathology; gynecological pathology; uropathology; gastrointestinal pathology; salivary gland pathology; molecular pathology; parasitic and infectious diseases
Dr. Dario De Biase

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Ercolani 4/2, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Interests: next-generation sequencing; predictive markers in solid tumors; molecular pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aleksandra Asaturova

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Guest Editor
Pathology Department, FSBI “National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I.Kulakov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bldg 4, Oparina Street, Moscow 117513, Russia
Interests: gynecological pathology and cytology; molecular and computational pathology; pathology informatics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular analysis and tissue biomarkers play a fundamental role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.  Continuous efforts need to be devoted to finding new diagnostic, prognostic and predictive targeted markers to identify novel therapeutic approaches, which will help to guide clinical therapeutic decision making.

The "tumor microenvironment" (TMA) is a continuously evolving entity. Its complex and dynamic system includes the set of molecules (cytokines, chemokines, etc.), inflammatory and mesenchymal cells or other tissue structures (e.g., lymphocytes, macrophages, stromal cells/fibroblasts, fat cells, blood vessels, etc.) which constantly interact with tumor cells, influencing their growth and spread.

Acting on the TMA is one of the treatment strategies used to contain neoplastic progression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 drugs) target the homeostasis regulators of adaptive immunity and seem effective in the more immunogenic TMA. Various TMA components may contribute to the development of resistance to treatment in multiple solid and hematological tumor histotypes.

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of experimental studies, review articles and other types of clinic–pathologic studies that summarize the state of the art and/or provide new insights into the role of molecular/tissue biomarkers, TMA and/or new therapeutic approaches in solid and hematological tumors, dealing with unanswered questions and analyzing future perspectives.

Dr. Andrea Palicelli
Dr. Dario De Biase
Dr. Aleksandra Asaturova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer
  • tumors
  • metastases
  • biomarkers
  • genetic/epigenetic landscape
  • molecular analysis
  • microenvironment
  • immune system
  • tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
  • PD-L1
  • drugs
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1762 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of New Generation Sequencing (NGS)-Based Somatic Gene Variations and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Gene Fusions in Elderly and Young Acute Leukemia Patients: A Retrospective View
by İbrahim Halil Erdoğdu, Seda Örenay-Boyacıoğlu, Olcay Boyacıoğlu, Nesibe Kahraman-Çetin, Füruzan Kacar-Döger, İrfan Yavaşoğlu and Ali Zahit Bolaman
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(2), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14020140 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 897
Abstract
Malignant diseases occurring in elderly patients follow a different course from younger patients and show different genetic structures. Therefore, in this retrospective study, the somatic gene variant profile and fusion gene profiles of elderly and young acute leukemia patients were determined to draw [...] Read more.
Malignant diseases occurring in elderly patients follow a different course from younger patients and show different genetic structures. Therefore, in this retrospective study, the somatic gene variant profile and fusion gene profiles of elderly and young acute leukemia patients were determined to draw attention to the existing genetic difference, and the results were compared. In this study, the records of 204 acute leukemia patients aged 18+ who were referred to the Molecular Pathology Laboratory from the Hematology Clinic between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Fusion gene detection in patients was performed with the HemaVision®-28Q Panel. The NGS Myeloid Neoplasms Panel was conducted using the MiniSEQ NGS platform according to the manufacturer’s protocol. When all cases are evaluated together, the most frequently diagnosed acute leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia (85.8%). Both groups had a similar fusion gene profile; however, the fusion burden was higher in the elderly group. When the groups were evaluated in terms of somatic gene variations, there were differences between the groups, and the variation load was higher in the elderly group. Considering the different somatic gene variation profiles, it is understood that the genetic structure of tumor cells is different in elderly patients compared to young cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Therapeutic Opportunities and Tumor Microenvironment in Solid and Hematological Tumors: Past, Present, and Future)
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Review

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25 pages, 1250 KiB  
Review
Role of Microenvironmental Components in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Enar Jumaniyazova, Anastasiya Lokhonina, Dzhuliia Dzhalilova, Anna Kosyreva and Timur Fatkhudinov
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(11), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13111616 - 17 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1666
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the ten most common malignant neoplasms, characterized by an aggressive course, high recurrence rate, poor response to treatment, and low survival rate. This creates the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms [...] Read more.
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the ten most common malignant neoplasms, characterized by an aggressive course, high recurrence rate, poor response to treatment, and low survival rate. This creates the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HNSCC consists of stromal and immune cells, blood and lymphatic vessels, and extracellular matrix. It is known that HNSCC is characterized by complex relationships between cancer cells and TME components. TME components and their dynamic interactions with cancer cells enhance tumor adaptation to the environment, which provides the highly aggressive potential of HNSCC and resistance to antitumor therapy. Basic research aimed at studying the role of TME components in HNSCC carcinogenesis may serve as a key to the discovery of both new biomarkers–predictors of prognosis and targets for new antitumor drugs. This review article focuses on the role and interaction with cancer of TME components such as newly formed vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Therapeutic Opportunities and Tumor Microenvironment in Solid and Hematological Tumors: Past, Present, and Future)
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Other

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14 pages, 7981 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Case of Prostatic Signet-Ring Cell-like Carcinoma with Pagetoid Spread and Intraductal Carcinoma and Long-Term Survival: PD-L1 and Mismatch Repair System Proteins (MMR) Immunohistochemical Evaluation with Systematic Literature Review
by Nektarios Koufopoulos, Argyro-Ioanna Ieronimaki, Andriani Zacharatou, Alina Roxana Gouloumis, Danai Leventakou, Ioannis Boutas, Dionysios T. Dimas, Adamantia Kontogeorgi, Kyparissia Sitara, Lubna Khaldi, Magda Zanelli and Andrea Palicelli
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(6), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13061016 - 19 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1383
Abstract
Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is the second most common malignancy in men globally. Signet-ring cell-like adenocarcinoma (SRCC) is a very rare PA subtype, with around 200 cases reported in the English literature. Histologically, the tumor cells show a vacuole compressing the nucleus to the [...] Read more.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is the second most common malignancy in men globally. Signet-ring cell-like adenocarcinoma (SRCC) is a very rare PA subtype, with around 200 cases reported in the English literature. Histologically, the tumor cells show a vacuole compressing the nucleus to the periphery. Pagetoid spread in acini and ducts is usually related to metastases from urothelial or colorectal carcinomas, less commonly associated with intraductal carcinoma (IC); histologically, the tumor cells grow between the acinar secretory and basal cell layers. To our knowledge, we report the first prostatic SRCC (Gleason score 10, stage pT3b) associated with IC and pagetoid spread to prostatic acini and seminal vesicles. To our systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines), it is the first tested case for both PD-L1 (<1% of positive tumor cells, clone 22C3) and mismatch repair system proteins (MMR) (MLH1+/MSH2+/PMS2+/MSH6+). We found no SRCC previously tested for MMR, while only four previous cases showed high expression of another PD-L1 clone (28-8). Finally, we discussed the differential diagnoses of prostatic SRCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Therapeutic Opportunities and Tumor Microenvironment in Solid and Hematological Tumors: Past, Present, and Future)
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13 pages, 2115 KiB  
Case Report
Multiple Metastases of Parathyroid and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Female Patient Treated with Long-Term Hemodialysis
by Julia Krupinova, Ekaterina Kim, Anna Eremkina, Lilia Urusova, Iya Voronkova, Konstantin Slaschuk, Ekaterina Dobreva and Natalia Mokrysheva
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(3), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030548 - 19 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1728
Abstract
Parathyroid cancer is a rare, clinically aggressive malignancy with a prevalence of approximately 0.005% relative to all carcinoma cases and 1–5% among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Prognosis largely depends on the extent of the primary surgery. Non-radical surgical treatment increases the risk of [...] Read more.
Parathyroid cancer is a rare, clinically aggressive malignancy with a prevalence of approximately 0.005% relative to all carcinoma cases and 1–5% among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Prognosis largely depends on the extent of the primary surgery. Non-radical surgical treatment increases the risk of local and distant metastases of the parathyroid cancer associated with limited treatment options. The combination of thyroid and parathyroid disorders has been described rather well for the general population; however, cases of parathyroid and thyroid carcinoma in the same patient are extremely rare (1 case per 3000 patients with parathyroid disorders). We present a rare clinical case of combination of parathyroid and thyroid cancers with metastases of both tumors to the neck lymph nodes in a woman with a mutation in the MEN1 gene (NM_130799.2): c.658T > C p.Trp220Arg (W220R), who has been exposed to radiation for 20 years before diagnosis of thyroid cancer and received renal replacement therapy with long-term hemodialysis before the diagnosis of parathyroid cancer. The patient underwent several surgeries because of metastases of the parathyroid cancer in the neck lymph nodes. Surgeons used intraoperative navigation methods (single-channel gamma detection probe, Gamma Probe 2, and fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (ICG)) to clarify the volume of surgery. Currently, the patient is still in laboratory remission, despite the structural recurrence of tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Therapeutic Opportunities and Tumor Microenvironment in Solid and Hematological Tumors: Past, Present, and Future)
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