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Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 August 2024 | Viewed by 5271

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Leni Rose Rivera

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
Interests: gut health; gut microbiome; obesity; AGEs; NAFLD; diet
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gastrointestinal tract plays host to an extraordinarily abundant and diverse community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. This community of microbes influences many systems of the body and has a profound effect on human metabolism. Existing evidence in studies from both animals and humans supports a link between the gut microbiome and metabolic disorders including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, as well as cardio-metabolic disease. Given the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders globally, it is important to determine how the gut microbiota and its derived metabolites are altered in metabolic disorders and the role they play in disease pathogenesis. This Special Issue will delve into exploring the important relationship between the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders.

Dr. Leni Rose Rivera
Guest Editor

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Keywords

gut microbiome
obesity
diabetes
metabolic syndrome
cardio-metabolic diseases
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
gut health
diet

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup on Glucose Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, and Their Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

by Chao Zhang, Bing Fang, Nana Zhang, Qi Zhang, Tianjiao Niu, Liang Zhao, Erna Sun, Jian Wang, Ran Xiao, Jingjing He, Shusen Li, Juan Chen, Jie Guo, Wei Xiong and Ran Wang

Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1691; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111691 - 29 May 2024

Viewed by 174

Abstract

Probiotics have garnered increasing attention as a potential therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have confirmed that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) could stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in NCI-H716 cells, but whether MN-Gup has a hypoglycemic effect on T2DM in vivo remains unclear. In this study, a T2DM mouse model was constructed, with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin in mice, to investigate the effect of MN-Gup on diabetes. Then, different doses of MN-Gup (2 × 10⁹ CFU/kg, 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/kg) were gavaged for 6 weeks to investigate the effect of MN-Gup on glucose metabolism and its potential mechanisms. The results showed that a high-dose of MN-Gup significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of T2DM mice compared to the other groups. In addition, there were significant increases in the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate, and GLP-1 levels in the MN-Gup group. MN-Gup increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreased the number of Escherichia-Shigella and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed that Bifidobacterium demonstrated a significant positive correlation with GLP-1 and a negative correlation with the incremental AUC. In summary, this study demonstrates that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup has significant hypoglycemic effects in T2DM mice and can modulate the gut microbiota, promoting the secretion of SCFAs and GLP-1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disease)

20 pages, 7355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Gut Microbial Profile among Overweight and Obese Hong Kong Chinese Individuals: A Randomized Trial

by Susana Lauw, Nelson Kei, Po Lam Chan, Tsz Kwan Yau, Ka Lee Ma, Carol Ying Ying Szeto, Janice Su-Chuen Lin, Sunny Hei Wong, Peter Chi Keung Cheung and Hoi Shan Kwan

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4248; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194248 - 2 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2859

Abstract

In view of the limited evidence showing anti-obesity effects of synbiotics via modulation of the gut microbiota in humans, a randomized clinical trial was performed. Assessment of the metabolic syndrome traits and profiling of the fecal gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in overweight and obese Hong Kong Chinese individuals before and after dietary intervention with an 8-week increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and/or synbiotic supplementation was conducted. The selected synbiotic contained two probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) and a prebiotic (polydextrose). Fifty-five overweight or obese individuals were randomized and divided into a synbiotic group (SG; n = 19), a dietary intervention group (DG; n = 18), and a group receiving combined interventions (DSG; n = 18). DSG showed the greatest weight loss effects and number of significant differences in clinical parameters compared to its baseline values—notably, decreases in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides and an increase in HDL-cholesterol. DSG lowered Megamonas abundance, which was positively associated with BMI, body fat mass, and trunk fat mass. The results suggested that increasing dietary fiber consumption from fruits and vegetables combined with synbiotic supplementation is more effective than either approach alone in tackling obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disease)

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17 pages, 2763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gut Microbiota and Plasma Bile Acids Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Resolution in Bariatric Surgery Patients

by Álvaro Pérez-Rubio, Polina Soluyanova, Erika Moro, Guillermo Quintás, Iván Rienda, María Dolores Periañez, Andrés Painel, José Vizuete, Judith Pérez-Rojas, José V. Castell, Ramón Trullenque-Juan, Eugenia Pareja and Ramiro Jover

Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3187; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143187 - 18 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1504

Abstract

Bariatric surgery (BS) has several benefits, including resolution of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in many patients. However, a significant percentage of patients do not experience improvement in fatty liver after BS, and more than 10% develop new or worsening NAFLD features. Therefore, a question that remains unanswered is why some patients experience resolved NAFLD after BS and others do not. In this study, we investigated the fecal microbiota and plasma bile acids associated with NAFLD resolution in twelve morbidly obese patients undergoing BS, of whom six resolved their steatosis one year after surgery and another six did not. Results indicate that the hallmark of the gut microbiota in responder patients is a greater abundance of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and several species of the Clostridia class (genera: Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Butyricicoccusa, and Clostridium), along with a decreased abundance of Actinomycetes/Bifidobacterium and Faecalicatena. NAFLD resolution was also associated with a sustained increase in primary bile acids (particularly non-conjugated), which likely results from a reduction in bacterial gut species capable of generating secondary bile acids. We conclude that there are specific changes in gut microbiota and plasma bile acids that could contribute to resolving NAFLD in BS patients. The knowledge acquired can help to design interventions with prebiotics and/or probiotics to promote a gut microbiome that favors NAFLD resolution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disease)

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Review

Jump to: Research

23 pages, 698 KiB

Open AccessReview

Implications of Microbiota and Immune System in Development and Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

by Jelena Popov, Tijana Despot, David Avelar Rodriguez, Irfan Khan, Eugene Mech, Mahrukh Khan, Milan Bojadzija and Nikhil Pai

Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1668; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111668 - 29 May 2024

Viewed by 183

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent type of liver disease worldwide. The exact pathophysiology behind MASLD remains unclear; however, it is thought that a combination of factors or “hits” act as precipitants for disease onset and progression. Abundant evidence supports the roles of diet, genes, metabolic dysregulation, and the intestinal microbiome in influencing the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes and subsequent progression to inflammation and fibrosis. Currently, there is no cure for MASLD, but lifestyle changes have been the prevailing cornerstones of management. Research is now focusing on the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for MASLD, with the spotlight shifting to probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. In this review, we provide an overview of how intestinal microbiota interact with the immune system to contribute to the pathogenesis of MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We also summarize key microbial taxa implicated in the disease and discuss evidence supporting microbial-targeted therapies in its management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disease)

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