Agronomy 2012, 2(4), 371-383; doi:10.3390/agronomy2040371
Monitoring and Management of Imidazolinone-Resistant Red Rice (Oryza sativa L., var. sylvatica) in Clearfield® Italian Paddy Rice
1
Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology-CNR, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
2
Rice Research Center-Ente Nazionale Risi, strada per Ceretto 4, 27030 Castello d'Agogna (PV), Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 1 November 2012 / Revised: 10 December 2012 / Accepted: 12 December 2012 / Published: 19 December 2012
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weed Management and Herbicide Resistance)
Abstract
The introduction in Italy of Clearfield® rice cultivars carrying imidazolinone-resistant traits provides an efficient option to control red rice, a conspecific weed of cultivated rice. However, despite the promulgation of specific guidelines for Clearfield® technology management, imazamox red rice survivors have been reported by farmers. Forty-two fields were monitored in 2010 and 2011 throughout the Piedmont and Lombardy regions and field cases were recorded of herbicides use and agronomic practices. Whole-plant sensitivity to imazamox was assessed and the resistance mechanism was determined by molecular analysis. Twenty-six red rice populations out of 42 were imazamox-resistant and plants of all the resistant populations possess a Ser to Asn substitution at locus 653 of the ALS gene determining the target-site resistance. Farmers frequently grow Clearfield® varieties for more than two consecutive years so increasing the selection pressure exerted by imazamox and favoring the evolution of resistant red rice. To maintain the sustainability of this new technology, a proper management based on crop rotation, utilization of certified seeds and strict control of red rice escapes has to be implemented. More generally, all stakeholders must increase their awareness that the selection pressure exerted by ALS inhibitors in rice cropping system should be reduced. View Full-TextKeywords:
weedy rice; Clearfield® rice cultivars; imazamox resistance; ALS inhibitors; IWM; point mutations; crop rotation
▼
Figures
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Scarabel, L.; Cenghialta, C.; Manuello, D.; Sattin, M. Monitoring and Management of Imidazolinone-Resistant Red Rice (Oryza sativa L., var. sylvatica) in Clearfield® Italian Paddy Rice. Agronomy 2012, 2, 371-383.
Related Articles
Article Metrics
Comments
[Return to top]
Agronomy
EISSN 2073-4395
Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland
RSS
E-Mail Table of Contents Alert