What Have We Learned about the Life Cycle of Radio Galaxies from New Radio Surveys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Using Multiple Criteria to Select Samples of Remnants and Restarted Radio Galaxies
- Deep low-frequency (≲200 MHz) surveys (i.e., the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey LoTSS, [29]; the Galactic and Extra-Galactic All-Sky MWA Survey (GLEAM), [30], and TIFR-GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS) [31]), tracing low surface-brightness radio structures. This emission is particularly sensitive to the location of old (remnant) electrons.
- Surveys at higher frequencies (e.g., at 1.4 GHz using the APERture Tile In Focus (Apertif) on the WSRT telescope [32] and the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) [33]) and surveys at high spatial resolution (e.g., at 3 GHz, the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS), [34,35]). The latter is particularly useful for characterising the spectral properties of the central regions (e.g., cores).
- Spectral indices1 extended to low frequencies can be derived over large areas of the sky. Furthermore, by combining some of the surveys, spectral index images can be obtained.
3. Selecting Samples of Remnant and Restarted Radio Sources
3.1. Remnants Radio Sources
3.2. The Presence of Cores in Candidates Remnant
3.3. Candidates Restarted Radio Sources
4. Implications for the Timing of the Life Cycle
5. Life Cycle and Gas
6. Conclusions and Future Possibilities
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AGN | Active galactic nucleus |
Apertif | APERture Tile In Focus |
ASKAP | Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder |
ATCA | Australian Telescope Compact Array |
CP | core prominence, / |
DDRG | Double–double radio galaxy |
FIRST | Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimetres |
GLEAM | Galactic and Extra-Galactic All-Sky MWA Survey |
uGMRT | upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope |
HBA | High-band Array |
LBA | Low-Band Array |
LH | Lockman Hole region |
LoLSS | LOFAR LBA Sky Survey |
LOFAR | LOw Frequency ARray |
LoTSS | LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey |
MWA | Murchison Widefield Array |
NVSS | The NRAO VLA Sky Survey |
SMBH | Super Massive Black Hole |
TGSS | TIFR-GMRT Sky Survey |
USS | Ultra Steep Spectra |
VLA | Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array |
VLASS | Very Large Array Sky Survey |
WSRT | Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope |
1 | In this paper, the spectral index is defined through . |
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Morganti, R. What Have We Learned about the Life Cycle of Radio Galaxies from New Radio Surveys. Galaxies 2024, 12, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies12020011
Morganti R. What Have We Learned about the Life Cycle of Radio Galaxies from New Radio Surveys. Galaxies. 2024; 12(2):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies12020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorganti, Raffaella. 2024. "What Have We Learned about the Life Cycle of Radio Galaxies from New Radio Surveys" Galaxies 12, no. 2: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies12020011