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Clinical Consequences of COVID-19: 2nd Edition
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Clinical Consequences of COVID-19: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology & Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2024 | Viewed by 2180

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francesco Alessandri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: intensive care medicine; ECCO2R; delirium; ultrasound; COVID-19; polytrauma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Pugliese

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: intensive care medicine; lung-kidney-liver transplants; ECMO; COVID-19
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giovanni Giordano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: critical care; intensive care medicine; anesthesiology; ecmo; extracorporeal
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleauges,

In 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic, representing a major public health crisis. SARS-CoV-2 can infect all age groups, regardless of gender, ethnicity, and general health status. Direct contact, as well as aerosol and droplet transmission, are the three main routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Although the pulmonary system is its primary entry site, several non-respiratory clinical symptoms, alongside cumulating anatomical evidence, have demonstrated the virus’s potential to invade multiple organs throughout the body, including the nervous system. There is wide consensus that the COVID-19 pandemic affected not only physical health but also mental health and wellbeing. As COVID-19 was a novel disease, much understanding of its clinical course and possible long-term health consequences remains uncertain.

Given the enormous success of the First Edition of this Special Issue of JCM (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/Clinical_Consequences_COVID), we believe that it is time to launch the Second Edition, collecting additional insights into long COVID-19 and the post-COVID world. The Second Edition is keen to attract a global audience, welcoming contributions on this subject from researchers around the world.

Dr. Francesco Alessandri
Dr. Francesco Pugliese
Dr. Giovanni Giordano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • long COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • mental health
  • COVID-19 health consequences

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 467 KiB  
Article
Positive Orientation and Feelings of Loneliness among Polish Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Ewa Kupcewicz, Kamila Rachubińska, Anna Maria Cybulska, Paweł Jastrzębski, Aleksandra Bentkowska and Elżbieta Grochans
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3192; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113192 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 174
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic was a time of limited direct contact with other people. The aim of this study was to determine the role of positive orientation and sociodemographic variables in the feelings of global, social and emotional loneliness and to seek [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic was a time of limited direct contact with other people. The aim of this study was to determine the role of positive orientation and sociodemographic variables in the feelings of global, social and emotional loneliness and to seek predictors for loneliness among students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 798 students at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) between January and March 2022. The empirical data were gathered with the following research tools: the Positive Orientation Scale and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale—DJGLS. Results: The study found a correlation (r = −0.370; p < 0.001) between positive orientation and emotional loneliness. The level of loneliness was significantly higher in students who greatly reduced their social contact, compared to those who reduced them moderately (p < 0.001). The intensity of social loneliness among women was lower (p < 0.001) than among men. Those who lived with their families or with a close companion felt less intense emotional loneliness (p < 0.001) than those who lived alone. Conclusions: A positive orientation, which manifests itself in a favourable opinion about oneself and in attaching weight to positive aspects of life, was found to be the main determinant of the feelings of global and emotional loneliness. However, it did not prove to be a predictor of social loneliness in the group of students under study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Consequences of COVID-19: 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 1626 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Sexual Function of Women, Levels of Oxytocin and Prolactin: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Klaudia Żak, Ernest Starek, Agnieszka Korga-Plewko, Karolina Rasoul-Pelińska, Monika Abramiuk, Mariola Michalczuk, Alicja Rajtak, Jan Kotarski, Karolina Frankowska, Liliana Bis, Marta Ostrowska-Leśko and Marcin Bobiński
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082230 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 634
Abstract
(1) Background: There is a lack of direct evidence on whether SARS-CoV-2 affects women’s sexual function through a biological-organic mechanism. Existing studies on the topic are few and have produced contradictory results. This study aims to explore the possible relationship between sex [...] Read more.
(1) Background: There is a lack of direct evidence on whether SARS-CoV-2 affects women’s sexual function through a biological-organic mechanism. Existing studies on the topic are few and have produced contradictory results. This study aims to explore the possible relationship between sex hormones and sexual function in patients who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we aimed to determine whether these changes are related to the clinical course of COVID-19 and whether they are temporary or long-lasting. (2) Methods: A study was conducted on 104 women, including 64 women infected with COVID-19 and a control group of 40 healthy women, between January 2021 and August 2022. Blood samples were collected to measure prolactin and oxytocin levels, and a clinical assessment was performed 3 and 6 months later. Sexual function self-assessment was captured based on the FSFI scale. (3) Results: Our study found that patients with severe COVID-19 had better sexual satisfaction scores one month after recovery but no discernible difference after six months. High levels of serum prolactin were observed in patients with active COVID-19 but became similar to a control group after one month and remained stable over time. Higher prolactin levels were significantly associated with increased arousal and hydration. Individuals with severe COVID-19 had notably low levels of plasma oxytocin, but there was no correlation between oxytocin levels and sexual satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: The gynecologic symptoms, as well as disturbances in oxytocin and prolactin levels, might be observed in a short time after infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection has no lasting effect on sexual function, oxytocin, and prolactin levels among women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Consequences of COVID-19: 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 445 KiB  
Article
Long COVID Symptoms vs. Back Pain and Physical Activity among Students in Poland—Cross-Sectional Study
by Monika Gałczyk and Anna Zalewska
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(4), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041038 - 11 Feb 2024
Viewed by 800
Abstract
Background: Back pain (BP) is a common condition that affects people of all ages. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (PA) is a key element in maintaining health. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of physical activity and back pain [...] Read more.
Background: Back pain (BP) is a common condition that affects people of all ages. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (PA) is a key element in maintaining health. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of physical activity and back pain (BP) in students with long COVID symptoms and to determine the relationship between the level of PA and BP in students with and without long COVID. Methods: A survey was carried out among 402 students from Poland. The inclusion criteria were as follows: student status, age of over 18 years, history of COVID-19, and consent to participate in the study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of PA. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to assess BP. Results: We found that at least half of the students surveyed did not experience any lumbosacral or cervical spine pain. The authors found no association between the level of PA in women and a history of long COVID symptoms, while there were statistically significant differences in intense PA in men (p = 0.0263), with those who did not report long COVID symptoms being more active. With regard to cervical and lumbar spine pain complaints, in our study, these were statistically significantly stronger in students who were observed to have long COVID symptoms. The difference was not significant only for lumbosacral complaints among men. No strong correlations were found between PA level and the severity of BP. Conclusion: Additional investigation is required to comprehend the complex interaction between long COVID symptoms and levels of PA and BP. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of back pain mainly in the COVID-19 group of students. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Consequences of COVID-19: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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30 pages, 835 KiB  
Review
Evaluating Mental Health Outcomes in COVID-19 ICU Survivors: A Scoping Review of Measurement Tools
by Kimberly T’ng, Justin Kenardy and Andree Hartanto
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3191; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113191 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 183
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to map the range of measurement tools used to study the prevalence of common mental health conditions in COVID-19 ICU survivors. Introduction: Increased rates of admission to and survivorship from intensive care units (ICUs) have [...] Read more.
Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to map the range of measurement tools used to study the prevalence of common mental health conditions in COVID-19 ICU survivors. Introduction: Increased rates of admission to and survivorship from intensive care units (ICUs) have been observed in recent years, particularly during the global pandemic. ICU patients are at a higher risk of developing depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Due to the high burden of disease, an accurate understanding of long-term mental health challenges for this population is key. Unfortunately, there is significant variability in reported prevalence rates. Heterogeneity in measurement tools potentially contribute to this. Inclusion criteria: Studies were eligible if they (a) reported mental health outcomes of adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to an ICU, (b) used standardised mental health outcome measures, and (3) were peer-reviewed. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus. The initial search retrieved 1234 publications. After de-duplication and title and abstract screening, 72 full-text articles were examined for eligibility and 44 articles were excluded, leaving 28 eligible studies. Reference lists of the eligible studies were screened, and four other studies were added. 32 studies were ultimately included in this review. Results: Significant heterogeneity of measurement tools and clinical thresholds were observed. Only 6.25% of the studies compared changes in mental health outcomes to baseline measurements. Between five and nine unique measurement tools were used to study depression, anxiety, and PTSD, respectively. Studies were also observed to use up to 19 different thresholds to establish the prevalence of PTSD. Conclusions: The heterogeneity of measurement tools and thresholds continues to confound prevalence rate estimations of mental health complications post-ICU admission. Future research will benefit from consistency in the use of recommended outcome measures and the use of psychometrically comparable cut-off points between key measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Consequences of COVID-19: 2nd Edition)
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