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Advancements in Cognitive Neurosciences for Personalized Medicine
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Advancements in Cognitive Neurosciences for Personalized Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Medicine, Cell, and Organism Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2024 | Viewed by 2772

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Antonio Gennaro Nicotera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: neurology; epilepsy; neurogenetic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cognitive neuroscience is an area of research that studies cognitive processes from the chemical and physical activity of neurons in the brain. Several approaches contribute to the field, including the study of the consequences of lesions on cognitive functions in humans and animals; the study of neuronal activity during cognitive processes; the study of human functional brain activity, including the use of computational models or instrumental investigations (including EEG, fMRI, and PET), which all allow us to hypothesize about underlying mechanisms. The impact of an early recognition of some underlying conditions can be crucial for the therapeutic approach; in particular, the timely start of a personalized therapy can positively revolutionize the prognosis of some patients. This Special Issue aims to provide an updated overview of this topic and the related conditions, including these areas: neuropsychology; brain imaging; molecular biology; genetics; and neurocomputation. We invite authors to submit original articles; review articles; and clinical, epidemiologic, and public health data concerning the abovementioned research areas.

Dr. Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cognitive neuroscience
  • pediatric neurology
  • neuropsychology
  • neurogenetic
  • neurocomputation
  • autism
  • epilepsy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1586 KiB  
Article
Associations between Verbal Fluency and Asymmetry of White Matter Integrity in the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus in At-Risk Mental States for Psychosis
by Junichi Saito, Naoyuki Katagiri, Hiromi Tagata, Yu Arai, Kouhei Kamiya, Masaaki Hori, Masafumi Mizuno and Takahiro Nemoto
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(3), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14030228 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 711
Abstract
Verbal fluency is one of the most severely impaired components of cognitive function in schizophrenia and is also impaired in at-risk mental states (ARMSs) for psychosis. The aim of this study was to explore the markers of disease progression in subjects with ARMSs [...] Read more.
Verbal fluency is one of the most severely impaired components of cognitive function in schizophrenia and is also impaired in at-risk mental states (ARMSs) for psychosis. The aim of this study was to explore the markers of disease progression in subjects with ARMSs by comparing the association between the white matter integrity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and verbal fluency in subjects with ARMSs and healthy control (HC) subjects. The correlations of the fractional anisotropy (FA) values on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the laterality index (LI) values of SLF branches I, II, and III with the verbal fluency performance were analyzed in right-handed subjects with ARMSs (ARMS group; n = 18) and HC subjects (HC group; n = 34) aged 18 to 40 years old. In the HC group compared with the ARMS group, the LI values suggested right lateralization of the SLF II and III. Letter fluency was significantly correlated with the LI of the SLF III in both the ARMS and HC groups. The regression coefficient (β) of this correlation was calculated using the least squares method and yielded a positive number (73.857) in the ARMS group and a negative number (−125.304) in the HC group. The association of the rightward asymmetry of the SLF III with the verbal fluency performance observed in the HC group appeared to be lost in the ARMS group, and this could serve as one of the markers of the pathological progression to psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Cognitive Neurosciences for Personalized Medicine)
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11 pages, 746 KiB  
Article
Semi-Automatic Analysis of Specific Electroencephalographic Patterns during NREM2 Sleep in a Pediatric Population after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
by Paolo Di Bella, Anna Gaia Attardi, Ambra Butera, Arianna Mancini, Nunzia Calabrò, Elisa Giuseppa Lo Re, Giuseppe Trimarchi, Antonio Gennaro Nicotera, Gabriella Di Rosa and Daniela Lo Giudice
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(2), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14020152 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 840
Abstract
The post-COVID-19 condition is defined by the World Health Organization as the persistence of symptoms or development of new symptoms three months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting for at least two months without a clear explanation. Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with this condition [...] Read more.
The post-COVID-19 condition is defined by the World Health Organization as the persistence of symptoms or development of new symptoms three months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting for at least two months without a clear explanation. Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with this condition include asthenia, memory and concentration problems, and sleep disturbances. Our study aims to investigate sleep patterns following SARS-CoV-2 infection using EEG findings and a sleep quality questionnaire completed by parents (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children—SDSC). Notably, our investigation is based on a convenience sample. The patients in our sample, aged 1 to 14 years, are not currently taking any medications; rather, they are undergoing follow-up assessments at the Child Neuropsychiatry department of the University Hospital of Messina for neurodevelopmental evaluations. Specifically, we are analyzing amplitude and power spectrum data in the first five minutes of NREM2 sleep, calculated from EEG recordings obtained via bipolar leads within three months after the onset of the disease. These results will be compared with controls performed on the same subjects in the six months preceding the infection. The focus of the study was sleep spindles, which are generated by the thalamocortical systems and play a role in sleep modulation, memory, and learning. Preliminary analysis suggests a predominant increase in the slow component of the spindles in the right-frontal lead. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Cognitive Neurosciences for Personalized Medicine)
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9 pages, 538 KiB  
Communication
Understanding Cognitive Deficits in People with High Blood Pressure
by Weixi Kang and Sònia Pineda Hernández
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(11), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13111592 - 10 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 926
Abstract
High blood pressure is associated with an elevated risk of dementia. However, much less is known about how high blood pressure is related to cognitive deficits in domains including episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, fluid reasoning, and numerical ability. By analyzing data from [...] Read more.
High blood pressure is associated with an elevated risk of dementia. However, much less is known about how high blood pressure is related to cognitive deficits in domains including episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, fluid reasoning, and numerical ability. By analyzing data from 337 participants (57.39% female) with a history of clinical high blood pressure diagnosis with a mean age of 48.78 ± 17.06 years and 26,707 healthy controls (58.75% female) with a mean age of 45.30 ± 15.92 years using a predictive normative modeling approach and one-sample t-tests, the current study found that people with high blood pressure have impaired immediate (t(259) = −4.71, p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = −0.08, 95% C.I. [−0.11, −0.05]) and delayed word recall (t(259) = −7.21, p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = −0.11, 95% C.I. [−0.15, −0.08]) performance. Moreover, people with high blood pressure also exhibited impaired performance in the animal naming task (t(259) = −6.61, p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = −0.11, 95% C.I. [−0.15, −0.08]), and number series (t(259) = −4.76, p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = −0.08, 95% C.I. [−0.11, −0.05]) and numeracy tasks (t(259) = −4.16, p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = −0.06, 95% C.I. [−0.09, −0.03]) after controlling for demographic characteristics. Clinicians and health professionals should consider including these tasks as part of the neuropsychological assessment for people with high blood pressure, to detect their cognitive deficits. Moreover, they should also come up with ways to improve cognitive performance in people with high blood pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Cognitive Neurosciences for Personalized Medicine)
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