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Personalized Medicine for COVID-19
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Personalized Medicine for COVID-19

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 3547

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cleo Anastassopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: human genetics and COVID-19 symptoms and severity; molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2; reinfections; vaccines and anti-virals; long COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 ecology and host-virus interactions; ethical issues in infectious diseases
Prof. Dr. George P. Patrinos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Campus, GR-26504 Rion, Greece
2. Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
3. Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: pharmacogenomics; personalized therapeutics; clinical care; clinical implementation; clinical studies; pharmacogenomic testing; health technoloigy assessment; regulatory guidance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Personalized medicine is progressively gaining momentum in modern healthcare in lieu of the traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach. Recent technological advances, particularly in genomic sequencing, have contributed significantly to this end. The impressive heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and potential long-term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), showcase the likely advantages of applying personalized medicine for COVID-19. However, despite the “COVIDation” of medicine, very few studies have been published to date to address the issue. The articles that will be published pertain to, but may not be limited to, the interplay of host and viral factors in the following topics:

  • COVID-19 severity
  • Long-COVID symptoms and severity
  • Response and duration of protection of COVID-19 vaccines
  • Response to therapy and development of resistance to anti-virals
  • Ethical implications of applying precision medicine for COVID-19

Dr. Cleo Anastassopoulou
Prof. Dr. George P. Patrinos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19 severity
  • long-COVID symptoms and severity
  • response and duration of protection of COVID-19 vaccines
  • response to therapy and development of resistance to anti-virals
  • ethical implications of applying precision medicine for COVID-19

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 488 KiB  
Article
Deterioration in Quality of Life among COVID-19 Survivors: Population-Based Cohort Study
by Tak Kyu Oh and In-Ae Song
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(6), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060569 - 26 May 2024
Viewed by 246
Abstract
We aimed to examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, quality of life (QOL) worsening among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors. This population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the National Health Insurance Service [...] Read more.
We aimed to examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, quality of life (QOL) worsening among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors. This population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. A total of 325,666 COVID-19 survivors were included in this study. Among them, 106,091 (32.6%) survivors experienced worsening QOL after COVID-19. Specifically, 21,223 (6.5%) participants experienced job loss, 94,556 (29.0%) experienced decreased household income, and 559 (0.2%) acquired new disabilities. In the multivariable logistic regression model, living in rural areas (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.04; p = 0.009), intensive care unit admission (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15; p = 0.028), and increase in self-payment by 100 USD (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.02; p < 0.001) were associated with increased QOL worsening after COVID-19. Old age (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99; p < 0.001), first vaccination (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.93; p < 0.001), and second vaccination (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.96; p < 0.001) were associated with decreased QOL worsening after COVID-19. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 survivors in South Korea who were admitted to hospitals or monitoring centers experienced QOL worsening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for COVID-19)
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12 pages, 834 KiB  
Article
Inflammatory Biomarkers for Assessing In-Hospital Mortality Risk in Severe COVID-19—A Retrospective Study
by Erika Bimbo-Szuhai, Mihai Octavian Botea, Dana Diana Romanescu, Corina Beiusanu, Gabriela Maria Gavrilas, Georgiana Maria Popa, Dania Antal, Mihaela Gabriela Bontea, Liliana Sachelarie and Iulia Codruta Macovei
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(5), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14050503 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 719
Abstract
(1) Background: Our study aims to investigate the utility of inflammatory factors as prognostic indicators for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Department of Pelican Clinical Hospital Oradea Romania. While elevated white blood cell (WBC) [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Our study aims to investigate the utility of inflammatory factors as prognostic indicators for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Department of Pelican Clinical Hospital Oradea Romania. While elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels are associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality, they may not effectively predict the risk of death; (2) Methods: In our ICU department, we conducted assessments on the 10th and 14th days of COVID-19 patients’ hospitalization, measuring the following markers: C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, procalcitonin (PCT) levels, granulocytes/lymphocytes (G/L) ratios, ferritin levels, age, and obesity status. We included a total of 209 eligible COVID-19 patients in the final analysis. Our goal was to identify biomarkers that could quickly identify high-risk patients with a potential for disease progression and mortality; (3) Results: Our study (a retrospective, single-center observational cohort study) demonstrated statistically significant differences in predicting mortality and disease severity based on G/L ratio (p < 0.0001), PCT (p < 0.0002), CRP (p < 0.0001), ferritin (p < 0.0001), age (p < 0.0001), and obesity (p < 0.0001); (4) Conclusions: Having a G/L ratio exceeding 20 units, along with elevated levels of PCR, PCT, and ferritin in older and obese patients on the 3rd day of ICU admission, represents significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for COVID-19)
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16 pages, 2681 KiB  
Article
Delta Variant in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study on Clinical Outcomes Based on Vaccination Status
by Damiana-Maria Vulturar, Liviu-Ștefan Moacă, Maria Adriana Neag, Andrei-Otto Mitre, Teodora-Gabriela Alexescu, Diana Gherman, Iulia Făgărășan, Ioana Maria Chețan, Claudia Diana Gherman, Oana-Elena Melinte, Antigona Carmen Trofor and Doina-Adina Todea
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(4), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14040358 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 819
Abstract
Background: As the global battle against the COVID-19 pandemic endures, the spread of the Delta variant has introduced nuanced challenges, prompting a nuanced examination. Materials and Methods: We performed a multilevel logistic regression analysis encompassing 197 patients, comprising 44 vaccinated individuals (V group) [...] Read more.
Background: As the global battle against the COVID-19 pandemic endures, the spread of the Delta variant has introduced nuanced challenges, prompting a nuanced examination. Materials and Methods: We performed a multilevel logistic regression analysis encompassing 197 patients, comprising 44 vaccinated individuals (V group) and 153 unvaccinated counterparts (UV). These patients, afflicted with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, were hospitalized between October 2021 and February 2022 at the COVID-19 department of a University Centre in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. We compared patient characteristics, CT lung involvement, Padua score, oxygen saturation (O2 saturation), ventilation requirements, dynamics of arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters, ICU admission rates, and mortality rates between the two groups. Results: The UV group exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) proclivity toward developing a more severe form of infection, marked by elevated rates of lung involvement, oxygen requirement, ICU admission, and mortality. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the substantial efficacy of the vaccine in diminishing the incidence of severe disease, lowering the rates of ICU admissions, and mitigating mortality among hospitalized patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for COVID-19)
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Review

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13 pages, 766 KiB  
Review
Investigating ABO Blood Groups and Secretor Status in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity
by Stefanos Ferous, Nikolaos Siafakas, Fotini Boufidou, George P. Patrinos, Athanasios Tsakris and Cleo Anastassopoulou
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(4), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14040346 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 868
Abstract
The ABO blood groups, Lewis antigens, and secretor systems are important components of transfusion medicine. These interconnected systems have been also shown to be associated with differing susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, likely as the result of selection over the course of [...] Read more.
The ABO blood groups, Lewis antigens, and secretor systems are important components of transfusion medicine. These interconnected systems have been also shown to be associated with differing susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, likely as the result of selection over the course of evolution and the constant tug of war between humans and infectious microbes. This comprehensive narrative review aimed to explore the literature and to present the current state of knowledge on reported associations of the ABO, Lewis, and secretor blood groups with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Our main finding was that the A blood group may be associated with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and possibly also with increased disease severity and overall mortality. The proposed pathophysiological pathways explaining this potential association include antibody-mediated mechanisms and increased thrombotic risk amongst blood group A individuals, in addition to altered inflammatory cytokine expression profiles. Preliminary evidence does not support the association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 vaccine response, or the risk of developing long COVID. Even though the emergency state of the pandemic is over, further research is needed especially in this area since tens of millions of people worldwide suffer from lingering COVID-19 symptoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for COVID-19)
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Other

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12 pages, 2501 KiB  
Brief Report
Correlation between Genomic Variants and Worldwide COVID-19 Epidemiology
by Ana Caroline Alves da Costa, Laura Patrícia Albarello Gellen, Marianne Rodrigues Fernandes, Rita de Cássia Calderaro Coelho, Natasha Monte, Francisco Cezar Aquino de Moraes, Maria Clara Leite Calderaro, Lilian Marques de Freitas, Juliana Aires Matos, Thamara Fernanda da Silva Fernandes, Kaio Evandro Cardoso Aguiar, Lui Wallacy Morikawa Souza Vinagre, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos and Ney Pereira Carneiro dos Santos
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(6), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060579 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 270
Abstract
COVID-19 is a systemic disease caused by the etiologic agent SARS-CoV-2, first reported in Hubei Province in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved over time with distinct transmissibility subvariants from ancestral lineages. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary [...] Read more.
COVID-19 is a systemic disease caused by the etiologic agent SARS-CoV-2, first reported in Hubei Province in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved over time with distinct transmissibility subvariants from ancestral lineages. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary according to their severity and can range from asymptomatic to severe. Due to the rapid evolution to a pandemic, epidemiological studies have become essential to understand and effectively combat COVID-19, as the incidence and mortality of this disease vary between territories and populations. This study correlated epidemiological data on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 with frequencies of important SNPs in GWAS studies associated with the susceptibility and mortality of this disease in different populations. Our results indicated significant correlations for 11 genetic variants (rs117169628, rs2547438, rs2271616, rs12610495, rs12046291, rs35705950, rs2176724, rs10774671, rs1073165, rs4804803 and rs7528026). Of these 11 variants, 7 (rs12046291, rs117169628, rs1073165, rs2547438, rs2271616, rs12610495 and rs35705950) were positively correlated with the incidence rate, these variants were more frequent in EUR populations, suggesting that this population is more susceptible to COVID-19. The rs2176724 variant was inversely related to incidence rates; therefore, the higher the frequency of the allele is, the lower the incidence rate. This variant was more frequent in the AFR population, which suggests a protective factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population. The variants rs10774671, rs4804803, and rs7528026 showed a significant relationship with mortality rates. SNPs rs10774671 and rs4804803 were inversely related to mortality rates and are more frequently present in the AFR population. The rs7528026 variant, which is more frequent in the AMR population, was positively related to mortality rates. The study has the potential to identify and correlate the genetic profile with epidemiological data, identify populations that are more susceptible to severe forms of COVID-19, and relate them to incidence and mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for COVID-19)
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