Journal Description
Photonics
Photonics
is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of optics and photonics, published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journal: Optics.
Impact Factor:
2.4 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
A Review of Optical Parametric Amplification at the Vulcan Laser Facility
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060495 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
An overview of Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) is given as the basis for the next generation of ultra-intense laser systems (> W/cm ). The benefits and drawbacks of OPCPA are discussed to explain the choice behind
[...] Read more.
An overview of Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) is given as the basis for the next generation of ultra-intense laser systems (> W/cm ). The benefits and drawbacks of OPCPA are discussed to explain the choice behind the decisions for the direction of the Central Laser Facility’s (CLF) upcoming Vulcan 20-20 project. A history of OPCPA use at the CLF is described to surmise the foundation of the confidence in this technology for Vulcan 20-20; a 20 PW user facility for high-intensity plasma physics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Optical Parametric Amplifiers)
Open AccessReview
Integrated Photonic Passive Building Blocks on Silicon-On-Insulator Platform
by
Francesco Amanti, Greta Andrini, Fabrizio Armani, Fabrizio Barbato, Vittorio Bellani, Vincenzo Bonaiuto, Simone Cammarata, Matteo Campostrini, Thu Ha Dao, Fabio De Matteis, Valeria Demontis, Simone Donati, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Sviatoslav Ditalia Tchernij, Andrea Fontana, Jacopo Forneris, Luca Frontini, Roberto Gunnella, Simone Iadanza, Ali Emre Kaplan, Cosimo Lacava, Valentino Liberali, Leonardo Martini, Francesco Marzioni, Luca Morescalchi, Elena Pedreschi, Paolo Piergentili, Domenic Prete, Valentino Rigato, Carlo Roncolato, Francesco Rossella, Matteo Salvato, Fausto Sargeni, Jafar Shojaii, Franco Spinella, Alberto Stabile, Alessandra Toncelli and Valerio Vitaliadd
Show full author list
remove
Hide full author list
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060494 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Integrated photonics on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) substrates is a well developed research field that has already significantly impacted various fields, such as quantum computing, micro sensing devices, biosensing, and high-rate communications. Although quite complex circuits can be made with such technology, everything is based
[...] Read more.
Integrated photonics on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) substrates is a well developed research field that has already significantly impacted various fields, such as quantum computing, micro sensing devices, biosensing, and high-rate communications. Although quite complex circuits can be made with such technology, everything is based on a few ’building blocks’ which are then combined to form more complex circuits. This review article provides a detailed examination of the state of the art of integrated photonic building blocks focusing on passive elements, covering fundamental principles and design methodologies. Key components discussed include waveguides, fiber-to-chip couplers, edges and gratings, phase shifters, splitters and switches (including y-branch, MMI, and directional couplers), as well as subwavelength grating structures and ring resonators. Additionally, this review addresses challenges and future prospects in advancing integrated photonic circuits on SOI platforms, focusing on scalability, power efficiency, and fabrication issues. The objective of this review is to equip researchers and engineers in the field with a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and future trajectories of integrated photonic components on SOI substrates with a 220 nm thick device layer of intrinsic silicon.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Integrated Circuits for Information, Computing and Sensing)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Acquiring Gamma-Ray Energy Spectrum Using a Plastic Scintillation Optical Fiber Detector
by
Siwon Song, Jae Hyung Park, Jinhong Kim, Seunghyeon Kim, Seokhyeon Jegal, Sangjun Lee and Bongsoo Lee
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060493 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
The plastic scintillation optical fiber (PSOF) detector, characterized by its large contact area with measurement targets, effectively detects and quantifies radiation in diverse radiation-contaminated areas and liquid environments. While it is extensively utilized for measuring alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiations, comprehensive documentation
[...] Read more.
The plastic scintillation optical fiber (PSOF) detector, characterized by its large contact area with measurement targets, effectively detects and quantifies radiation in diverse radiation-contaminated areas and liquid environments. While it is extensively utilized for measuring alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiations, comprehensive documentation on the spectrum measurement and energy calibration methods for gamma nuclides has not been reported. Accurate energy calibration is crucial for the precise quantification of radiation doses from various sources. The pulse-height spectrum produced by the PSOF detector does not display a Compton maximum because of the significant Gaussian energy broadening. Additionally, this spectrum compresses as the distance increases between the radiation source and the light measurement device. In this study, the energy spectrum of a PSOF for gamma nuclides was characterized by energy calibrations using Compton edge (CE). The CE channel in the measurement spectrum of the PSOF detector for three gamma nuclides was identified using the first-order differentiation method. This technique was successfully applied to spectra measured at various radiation source positions to determine the attenuation coefficients. The proposed energy calibration method allows for the conversion of pulse-height spectra obtained from alpha, beta, and neutron radiation measured with PSOF detectors into energy spectra.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fibre Sensing: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Study of Reducing Atmospheric Turbulence-Induced Beam Wander of a Twisted Electromagnetic Elliptical Vortex Beam
by
Kai Huang, Yonggen Xu, Yuqiang Li and Jin Cao
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060492 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
We derive the analytical expressions for root-mean-square (rms) beam wander (BW) and relative BW of a twisted electromagnetic elliptical vortex (TEEV) beam propagating through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence with the help of the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle and the second-order moments of the Wigner distribution
[...] Read more.
We derive the analytical expressions for root-mean-square (rms) beam wander (BW) and relative BW of a twisted electromagnetic elliptical vortex (TEEV) beam propagating through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence with the help of the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle and the second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function (WDF). Our numerical findings demonstrate that the BW of a TEEV beam with a small ellipticity, a large topological charge as well as a small waist width and initial coherent length is less affected by the turbulence. It can be also found that the effect of turbulence with a larger outer scale of turbulence, a generalized exponent parameter, and a generalized structure parameter on BW is more obvious. It is interesting to find that the effect of atmospheric turbulence on BW for a TEEV beam can be effectively reduced by regulating jointly the symbols and sizes of the twisted factor and topological charge. Therefore, modulation of the structure parameters of a TEEV beam provides a new way to mitigate turbulence-induced beam wander. Our work will be useful for free-space optical communications, remote sensing, and lidar distance measurement.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coherence Properties of Light: From Theory to Applications)
Open AccessReview
A Review of Light-Emitting Diodes and Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes and Their Applications
by
Trailokya Bhattarai, Abasifreke Ebong and Mohammad Yasin Akhtar Raja
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060491 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
This paper presents an extensive literature review on Light-Emitting Diode (LED) fundamentals and discusses the historical development of LEDs, focusing on the material selection, design employed, and modifications used in increasing the light output. It traces the evolutionary trajectory of the efficiency enhancement
[...] Read more.
This paper presents an extensive literature review on Light-Emitting Diode (LED) fundamentals and discusses the historical development of LEDs, focusing on the material selection, design employed, and modifications used in increasing the light output. It traces the evolutionary trajectory of the efficiency enhancement of ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, and red LEDs. It rigorously examines the diverse applications of LEDs, spanning from solid-state lighting to cutting-edge display technology, and their emerging role in microbial deactivation. A detailed overview of current trends and prospects in lighting and display technology is presented. Using the literature, this review offers valuable insights into the application of UV LEDs for microbial and potential viral disinfection. It conducts an in-depth exploration of the various microorganism responses to UV radiation based on the existing literature. Furthermore, the review investigates UV LED-based systems for water purification and surface disinfection. A prospective design for a solar-powered UV LED disinfection system is also delineated. The primary objective of this review article is to organize and synthesize pivotal information from the literature, offering a concise and focused overview of LED applications. From our review, we can conclude that the efficiency of LEDs has continuously increased since its invention and researchers are searching for methods to increase efficiency further. The demand for LED lighting and display applications is continuously increasing. Our analysis reveals an exciting horizon in microbial disinfection, where the integration of UV LED systems with cutting-edge technologies such as sensors, solar power, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and artificial intelligence algorithms promises high levels of precision and efficacy in disinfection practices. This contribution sets the stage for future research endeavors in the domain of viral disinfection using solar-powered UV LED modules for universal applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Real-Time Tracking of Photovoltaics by Differential Absorption Imaging in Optical Wireless Power Transmission
by
Kaoru Asaba and Tomoyuki Miyamoto
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060490 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
In the future, wireless power transmission is expected to cover power levels ranging from milliwatts to megawatts and over distances of a few meters to kilometers for both stationary and moving photovoltaic (PV) targets. Optical wireless power transmission (OWPT) is a promising solution
[...] Read more.
In the future, wireless power transmission is expected to cover power levels ranging from milliwatts to megawatts and over distances of a few meters to kilometers for both stationary and moving photovoltaic (PV) targets. Optical wireless power transmission (OWPT) is a promising solution for such multi-scale systems, which use the narrow beam divergence of light. To enhance the efficiency of power generation in PV targets, real-time detection of the target’s position and attitude is crucial for OWPT systems. The authors propose detecting the PV using differential absorption images as one such method. This paper investigates algorithms for tracking moving PV targets and evaluates their performance. The first algorithm combines thresholds with an autoregressive (AR) model, while the other two use estimation with Kalman filters. The comparison of tracking algorithms can be undertaken using a score function based on the position estimation error. The evaluation results indicate that the AR model combined with thresholds, on average, outperforms the other models. There was no significant difference between the approach involving use of a Kalman filter to estimate positions based on a uniform motion model and the approach involving use of a Kalman filter to estimate the AR model. The authors’ series of studies, from a former high-level requirement study to the current target tracking using differential absorption imaging, has verified a concept for one of the crucial processes in OWPT. These works form a step toward the practical implementation of OWPT systems.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Papers Related to OWPT 2024 on the Topics of Devices, Components and Systems)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: A Review
by
Rajeev Ranjan and Luigi Sirleto
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060489 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a high-speed imaging modality based on intrinsic molecular vibrations, producing chemical maps in living systems. Such capability, allowing for direct visualization without the perturbation of biological processes, has enabled a plethora of biological and medical applications. In
[...] Read more.
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a high-speed imaging modality based on intrinsic molecular vibrations, producing chemical maps in living systems. Such capability, allowing for direct visualization without the perturbation of biological processes, has enabled a plethora of biological and medical applications. In this review, after introducing the basic theory and competitive effects of SRS, some crucial features for SRS microscopy implementations, such as noise, spectral bandwidth, speed, chemical sensitivity, spatial resolution, and quantum enhancement, are discussed. Finally, some SRS applications in biological and medical imaging are described. Even if certainly not exhaustive, we aimed to offer a broad overview, providing guidance for newcomers and hinting at a more detailed investigation to interested researchers in this rapidly growing field.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Nonlinear Photonics)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Repeatable Passive Fiber Optic Coupling of Single-Mode Waveguides in High-Precision Disposable Photonic Biosensors
by
Jakob Reck, Laurids von Emden, Klara Mihov, Martin Kresse, Madeleine Weigel, Tianwen Qian, Csongor Keuer, Philipp Winklhofer, Marcel Amberg, David de Felipe, Crispin Zawadzki, Moritz Kleinert, Norbert Keil and Martin Schell
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060488 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
This research demonstrates a method for the repeatable passive fiber optic coupling of single-mode waveguides with a micron-scale accuracy for high-precision disposables. The aim is to broaden the application of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) from traditional fiber optic communication systems to include medical,
[...] Read more.
This research demonstrates a method for the repeatable passive fiber optic coupling of single-mode waveguides with a micron-scale accuracy for high-precision disposables. The aim is to broaden the application of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) from traditional fiber optic communication systems to include medical, life science, and environmental sensing applications. The proposed passive coupling system enables the straightforward and reliable interchange of disposable photonic chips without manual read-out unit adjustments. Robustness is attributed to the chip-side grating couplers with 3 dB coupling tolerances exceeding ± 25 µm and a mechanical three-groove kinematic method ensuring precise alignment. The system simplicity is highlighted by the simple manual insertion and fixation of silicon nitride (Si3N4) PICs on a carrier using magnetic force and passive alignment features. Testing on a batch of 99 identical yet independent units revealed a standard deviation (SD) of 5.1 dB in coupling loss, without realignment post-calibration. This eliminates the need for active alignment processes, showing its potential for enabling field use. A usability assessment with five untrained operators confirms the suitability for various end-users, with consistent performance in engaging and disengaging disposable PICs. The research significantly advances the integration of photonic sensor technology into practical applications, particularly for chemical and biological fluid analysis in point-of-care settings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Photonic Sensing and Measurement II)
Open AccessArticle
Illuminating Life Sciences: A Biophysical Guide to the Use of Chromatic and White Light Sources in Photobiology
by
Mira Mutschlechner and Harald Schöbel
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060487 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
With the increasing availability of LEDs, researchers in photobiology have easier access to customized light sources. However, the abundance of different light sources poses new challenges for the correct characterization of existing light conditions. The photobiological effect of a light source depends mainly
[...] Read more.
With the increasing availability of LEDs, researchers in photobiology have easier access to customized light sources. However, the abundance of different light sources poses new challenges for the correct characterization of existing light conditions. The photobiological effect of a light source depends mainly on the number of photons involved and the spectral composition. However, light sources are mainly described by parameters such as radiant flux, dominant or peak wavelength, and correlated color temperature (CCT). Therefore, in this work, chromatic and white light sources were measured for their spectral composition, various characterization parameters were determined, and the resulting photon flux densities were calculated, focusing on dominant versus peak wavelength for chromatic LEDs and the CCT for white LEDs and fluorescent tubes. The use of the dominant wavelength is inappropriate as it is partly outside the actual spectral range. It was also shown that white light sources with the same CCT have significantly different spectral compositions and, therefore, may have different photobiological effects. The results of this work should serve as a basis for life scientists to better compare light sources, to correctly interpret existing parameters, and to describe light conditions in a standardized and comparable way.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Technologies for Biomedical Science)
Open AccessArticle
Polarimeter Optical Spectrum Analyzer
by
Eyal Buks
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060486 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
A coherent optical spectrum analyzer is integrated with a rotating quarter wave plate polarimeter. The combined polarimeter optical spectrum analyzer (POSA) allows the extraction of the state of polarization with high spectral resolution. The POSA is used in this work to study two
[...] Read more.
A coherent optical spectrum analyzer is integrated with a rotating quarter wave plate polarimeter. The combined polarimeter optical spectrum analyzer (POSA) allows the extraction of the state of polarization with high spectral resolution. The POSA is used in this work to study two optical systems. The first is an optical modulator based on a ferrimagnetic sphere resonator. The POSA is employed to explore the underlying magneto–optical mechanism responsible for modulation sideband asymmetry. The second system under study is a cryogenic fiber loop laser, which produces an unequally spaced optical comb. The polarization measurements provide insights into the nonlinear processes responsible for comb creation. Characterizations extracted from the POSA data provide guidelines for the performance optimization of applications based on the systems under study.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Power Fiber Lasers)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Polycationic Photosensitizers as Effective Anticancer Agents That Destroy Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Vascularization and Induce Protective Desmoplastic Reaction around Lung Cancers
by
Evgeniya Kogan, Gennady Meerovich, Saida Karshieva, Elena Makarova, Igor Romanishkin, Ekaterina Akhlyustina, Irina Meerovich, Nikolay Zharkov, Sergey Kharnas, Vladimir Levkin, Sofya Demura, Zhilong Chen, Victor Loschenov and Igor Reshetov
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060485 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
PDT using PSs based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against Lewis lung carcinoma provides effective inhibition of tumor growth with an increase in the lifespan and survival of mice in the group. PDT with polycationic photosensitizers destroys CSCs and tumor neovascularization, and
[...] Read more.
PDT using PSs based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against Lewis lung carcinoma provides effective inhibition of tumor growth with an increase in the lifespan and survival of mice in the group. PDT with polycationic photosensitizers destroys CSCs and tumor neovascularization, and activates the desmoplastic reaction. These results open up new opportunities for increasing the effectiveness of treatment and reducing the incidence of relapses and metastases after PDT.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototheranostics: Science and Applications)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Humidity Sensing Using a Multimode Fiber Ring Laser with Thermal Compensation
by
Shaonian Ma, Qiang Ji, Xian Zhao, Zengguang Qin, Zhaojun Liu and Yanping Xu
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060484 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
We propose a multimode fiber laser sensor utilizing PI-SMF (polyimide-coated single mode fiber) for low-error relative humidity (RH) measurement, which is temperature compensated based on FBG. The PI-SMF in the laser cavity is used as a sensing element, and its length varies with
[...] Read more.
We propose a multimode fiber laser sensor utilizing PI-SMF (polyimide-coated single mode fiber) for low-error relative humidity (RH) measurement, which is temperature compensated based on FBG. The PI-SMF in the laser cavity is used as a sensing element, and its length varies with humidity and temperature by volume-variation induced strain, which leads to frequency shift of the longitudinal mode beat frequency signal (BFS). When the 2000 MHz BFS is selected as the sensing signal, a RH sensitivity of −2.68 kHz/%RH and a temperature sensitivity of −14.05 kHz/°C are achieved. The peak shift of the FBG-based laser emission spectrum is only sensitive to temperature rather than RH with a temperature sensitivity of 9.95 pm/°C, which is used as the temperature compensation for RH measurements. By monitoring the response of the BFS and the laser wavelength, the cross-sensitivity effect of RH and temperature is overcome, and low-error RH measurement in the temperature range of 20 to 65 °C is realized with errors within ±0.67 %RH (25 to 85 %RH). The scheme does not require the design and production of complex structures and hygroscopic material coating processes, owning the advantages of simple structure, easy operation and high accuracy, and is expected to be practically applied in food safety and environmental monitoring.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Optical Fiber Sensors and Sensing Techniques)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Next-Generation Dual Transceiver FSO Communication System for High-Speed Trains in Neom Smart City
by
Yehia Elsawy, Ayshah S. Alatawi, Mohamed Abaza, Azza Moawad and El-Hadi M. Aggoune
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050483 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Smart cities like Neom require efficient and reliable transportation systems to support their vision of sustainable and interconnected urban environments. High-speed trains (HSTs) play a crucial role in connecting different areas of the city and facilitating seamless mobility. However, to ensure uninterrupted communication
[...] Read more.
Smart cities like Neom require efficient and reliable transportation systems to support their vision of sustainable and interconnected urban environments. High-speed trains (HSTs) play a crucial role in connecting different areas of the city and facilitating seamless mobility. However, to ensure uninterrupted communication along the rail lines, advanced communication systems are essential to expand the coverage range of each base station (BS) while reducing the handover frequency. This paper presents the dual transceiver free space optical (FSO) communication system as a solution to achieve these objectives in the operational environment of HSTs in Neom city. Our channel model incorporates log-normal (LN) and gamma–gamma (GG) distributions to represent channel impairments and atmospheric turbulence in the city. Furthermore, we integrated the siding loop model, providing valuable insights into the system in real-world scenarios. To assess the system’s performance, we formulated the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the network under assumed fading conditions. Additionally, we analyzed the system’s bit error rate (BER) analytically and through Monte Carlo simulation. A comparative analysis with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and relay-assisted FSO communications shows the superior coverage area and efficiency of the dual transceiver model. A significant reduction of up to 76% and 99% in the number of required BSs compared to RIS and relay, respectively, is observed. This reduction leads to fewer handovers and lower capital expenditure (CAPEX) costs.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Free-Space Optical Communication Technology)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
Sensing Characteristic Analysis of All-Dielectric Metasurfaces Based on Fano Resonance in Near-Infrared Regime
by
Yongpeng Zhao, Qingfubo Geng, Jian Liu and Zhaoxin Geng
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050482 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
A novel, all-dielectric metasurface, featuring a missing wedge-shaped nanodisk, is proposed to investigate optical characteristics. By introducing symmetry-breaking to induce Fano resonance, the metasurface achieves an impressive Q-factor of 1202 in the near-infrared spectrum, with a remarkably narrow full width at half maximum
[...] Read more.
A novel, all-dielectric metasurface, featuring a missing wedge-shaped nanodisk, is proposed to investigate optical characteristics. By introducing symmetry-breaking to induce Fano resonance, the metasurface achieves an impressive Q-factor of 1202 in the near-infrared spectrum, with a remarkably narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 1 nm. The ability to adjust the wavelength resonance by manipulating the structure of the wedge-shaped nanodisk offers a simple and efficient approach for metasurface design. This breakthrough holds great potential for various applications in sensing and optical filtering, marking a significant advancement in the field of nanophotonics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Photonic Sensing and Measurement II)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Training a Dataset Simulated Using RGB Images for an End-to-End Event-Based DoLP Recovery Network
by
Changda Yan, Xia Wang, Xin Zhang, Conghe Wang, Qiyang Sun and Yifan Zuo
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050481 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Event cameras are bio-inspired neuromorphic sensors that have emerged in recent years, with advantages such as high temporal resolutions, high dynamic ranges, low latency, and low power consumption. Event cameras can be used to build event-based imaging polarimeters, overcoming the limited frame rates
[...] Read more.
Event cameras are bio-inspired neuromorphic sensors that have emerged in recent years, with advantages such as high temporal resolutions, high dynamic ranges, low latency, and low power consumption. Event cameras can be used to build event-based imaging polarimeters, overcoming the limited frame rates and low dynamic ranges of existing systems. Since events cannot provide absolute brightness intensity in different angles of polarization (AoPs), degree of linear polarization (DoLP) recovery in non-division-of-time (non-DoT) event-based imaging polarimeters is an ill-posed problem. Thus, we need a data-driven deep learning approach. Deep learning requires large amounts of data for training, and constructing a dataset for event-based non-DoT imaging polarimeters requires significant resources, scenarios, and time. We propose a method for generating datasets using simulated polarization distributions from existing red–green–blue images. Combined with event simulator V2E, the proposed method can easily construct large datasets for network training. We also propose an end-to-end event-based DoLP recovery network to solve the problem of DoLP recovery using event-based non-DoT imaging polarimeters. Finally, we construct a division-of-time event-based imaging polarimeter simulating an event-based four-channel non-DoT imaging polarimeter. Using real-world polarization events and DoLP ground truths, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed simulation method and network.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations and Challenges in Polarization Imaging Detection Technology)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Carbon Dot-Decorated Polystyrene Microspheres for Whispering-Gallery Mode Biosensing
by
Anton A. Starovoytov, Evgeniia O. Soloveva, Kamilla Kurassova, Kirill V. Bogdanov, Irina A. Arefina, Natalia N. Shevchenko, Tigran A. Vartanyan, Daler R. Dadadzhanov and Nikita A. Toropov
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050480 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators doped with fluorescent materials find impressive applications in biological sensing. They do not require special conditions for the excitation of WGM inside that provide the basis for in vivo sensing. Currently, the problem of materials for in vivo
[...] Read more.
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators doped with fluorescent materials find impressive applications in biological sensing. They do not require special conditions for the excitation of WGM inside that provide the basis for in vivo sensing. Currently, the problem of materials for in vivo WGM sensors are substantial since their fluorescence should have stable optical properties as well as they should be biocompatible. To address this we present WGM microresonators of 5–7 m, where the dopant is made of carbon quantum dots (CDs). CDs are biocompatible since they are produced from carbon and demonstrate bright optical emission, which shows different bands depending on the excitation wavelength. The WGM sensors developed here were tested as label-free biosensors by detecting bovine serum albumin molecules. The results showed WGM frequency shifting, with the limit of detection down to M level.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Optical Metamaterials)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Experimental Study on Evolution of Chemical Structure Defects and Secondary Contaminative Deposition during HF-Based Etching
by
Xiao Shen, Feng Shi, Shuo Qiao, Xing Peng and Ying Xiong
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050479 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Post-processing based on HF etching has become a highly preferred technique in the fabrication of fused silica optical elements in various high-power laser systems. Previous studies have thoroughly examined and confirmed the elimination of fragments and contamination. However, limited attention has been paid
[...] Read more.
Post-processing based on HF etching has become a highly preferred technique in the fabrication of fused silica optical elements in various high-power laser systems. Previous studies have thoroughly examined and confirmed the elimination of fragments and contamination. However, limited attention has been paid to nano-sized chemical structural defects and secondary precursors that arise during the etching process. Therefore, in this paper, a set of fused silica samples are prepared and undergo the etching process under different parameters. Subsequently, an atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope and fluorescence spectrometer are applied to analyze sample surfaces, and then an LIDT test based on the R-on-1 method is applied. The findings revealed that appropriate etching configurations will lead to certain LIDT improvement (from initial 7.22 J/cm2 to 10.76 J/cm2), and HF-based etching effectively suppresses chemical structural defects, while additional processes are recommended for the elimination of micron- to nano-sized secondary deposition contamination.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Optical Design)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Analysis of the Polarization Distribution and Spin Angular Momentum of the Interference Field Obtained by Co-Planar Beams with Linear and Circular Polarization
by
Svetlana N. Khonina, Andrey V. Ustinov, Alexey P. Porfirev and Sergey V. Karpeev
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050478 - 19 May 2024
Abstract
Interference of two and four light beams with linear or circular polarization is studied analytically and numerically based on the Richards–Wolf formalism. We consider such characteristics of the interference fields as the distribution of intensity, polarization, and spin angular momentum density. The generation
[...] Read more.
Interference of two and four light beams with linear or circular polarization is studied analytically and numerically based on the Richards–Wolf formalism. We consider such characteristics of the interference fields as the distribution of intensity, polarization, and spin angular momentum density. The generation of light fields with 1D and 2D periodic structure of both intensity and polarization is demonstrated. We can control the periodic structure both by changing the polarization state of the interfering beams and by changing the numerical aperture of focusing. We consider examples with a basic configuration, as well as those with a certain symmetry in the polarization state of the interfering beams. In some cases, increasing the numerical aperture of the focusing system significantly affects the generated distributions of both intensity and polarization. Experimental results, obtained using a polarization video camera, are in good agreement with the simulation results. The considered light fields can be used in laser processing of thin films of photosensitive (as well as polarization-sensitive) materials in order to create arrays of various ordered nano- and microstructures.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Beams: Science and Applications)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Broadband High-Linear FMCW Light Source Based on Spectral Stitching
by
Liang Sun, Xinguang Zhou, Haohao Zhao, Shichang Xu, Zihan Wu, Guohui Yuan and Zhuoran Wang
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050477 - 19 May 2024
Abstract
The key to realizing a high-performance frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser frequency-sweeping light source is how to extend the frequency-swept bandwidth and eliminate the effect of nonlinearity. To solve these issues, this paper designs a broadband high-linear FMCW frequency-sweeping light source system based
[...] Read more.
The key to realizing a high-performance frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser frequency-sweeping light source is how to extend the frequency-swept bandwidth and eliminate the effect of nonlinearity. To solve these issues, this paper designs a broadband high-linear FMCW frequency-sweeping light source system based on the combination of fixed temperature control and digital optoelectronic phase-locked loop (PLL), which controls the temperatures of the two lasers separately and attempts to achieve the coarse spectral stitching based on a time-division multiplexing scheme. Furthermore, we uses the PLL to correct the frequency error more specifically after the coarse stitching, which achieves the spectrum fine stitching and, meanwhile, realizes the nonlinearity correction. The experimental results show that our scheme can successfully achieve bandwidth expansion and nonlinearity correction, and the sweeping bandwidth is twice as much as that of the original single laser. The full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the FMCW output is reduced from 150 kHz to 6.1 kHz, which exhibits excellent nonlinear correction performance. The relative error of the FMCW ranging system based on this frequency-swept light source is also reduced from 1.628% to 0.673%. Therefore, our frequency-swept light source with excellent performance has a promising application in the FMCW laser ranging system.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Lasers and Their Applications II)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Chirped Integrated Bragg Grating Design
by
José Ángel Praena and Alejandro Carballar
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050476 - 19 May 2024
Abstract
We analyze the two classic methods for chirped Integrated Bragg Gratings (IBGs) in Silicon-on-Insulator technology using the transfer matrix method based on the effective refractive index (neff) technique, which translates the geometry of an IBG into a matrix of n
[...] Read more.
We analyze the two classic methods for chirped Integrated Bragg Gratings (IBGs) in Silicon-on-Insulator technology using the transfer matrix method based on the effective refractive index (neff) technique, which translates the geometry of an IBG into a matrix of neff depending on the wavelength. We also implement a procedure that allows engineering of the chirped IBG parameters, given a required bandwidth (BW) and group delay (GD). Finally, a complementary method for designing chirped IBG is proposed, showing a significant improvement in the bandwidth of the device or a moderation in the variation of the geometrical parameters of the grating.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicon Photonics Devices and Integrated Circuits)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Photonics Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Applied Sciences, JMMP, Materials, Photonics, Plasma
Hybrid and Heterogeneous Integration on Photonic Circuits
Topic Editors: Joan Manel Ramírez, Carlos Alberto Alonso-RamosDeadline: 31 May 2024
Topic in
Applied Sciences, Electronics, Photonics, Remote Sensing, Technologies
Emerging Terahertz Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communication
Topic Editors: Jianjun Ma, Xiue Bao, Bin Li, Suman MukherjeeDeadline: 31 July 2024
Topic in
Applied Sciences, Electronics, Optics, Photonics, Technologies
The Extended Technological Platform Based on Optics and Microwaves: Conventional and Hybrid Solutions
Topic Editors: Francesco Prudenzano, Antonella D’Orazio, Maurizio FerrariDeadline: 30 September 2024
Topic in
Automation, Biosensors, Fibers, Photonics, Sensors
Advance and Applications of Fiber Optic Measurement: 2nd Edition
Topic Editors: Flavio Esposito, Stefania Campopiano, Agostino IadiciccoDeadline: 30 November 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Photonics
Optical Technologies Supporting 5G/6G Mobile Networks
Guest Editors: Zbigniew Zakrzewski, Mariusz Głąbowski, Piotr Zwierzykowski, Vincenzo Eramo, Francesco Giacinto LavaccaDeadline: 31 May 2024
Special Issue in
Photonics
Micro-Nano Optical Devices
Guest Editors: Yan Shen, Yanfeng ZhangDeadline: 15 June 2024
Special Issue in
Photonics
Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Photonics Sensors
Guest Editors: Carlos Marques, Flavio EspositoDeadline: 30 June 2024
Special Issue in
Photonics
Optical Satellite Communications for Quantum Networking
Guest Editors: Giannis Giannoulis, Nikolaos K. LyrasDeadline: 15 July 2024