A Doppler Radar System for Sensing Physiological Parameters in Walking and Standing Positions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Experiment Setup
2.2. Hardware
2.3. Software
2.3.1. Data Acquisition
2.3.2. Arctangent Demodulation
2.4. Experimental Protocol and Human Testing
- Each target person stood at two different distances (90 cm and 150 cm), and three different angles (0°, 22.5°, and 45°), while facing the antennas and breathed normally for 50 s.
- Each target person stood at two different distances (90 cm and 150 cm) while not facing the antennas and breathed normally for 50 s (0° direction).
- Two subjects stood at the same distances (90 cm and 150 cm) and the same angles (22.5° and 45°) and breathed normally and simultaneously for 50 s to understand if the setup could realise different respiration rates.
- Each subject walked a distance of between 30 cm and 150 cm and in three different directions (0°, 22.5°, and 45°) for 50 s at a constant speed, without standing still, to find out whether or not the setup could measure the respiration rate during walking.
- The position of test protocols:
- At first, each subject stood at a distance of 150 cm from the antennas for 30 s, and then walked at a distance of between 150 cm and 90 cm from the antennas for 10 s.
- Afterward, the subject stood at a distance of 90 cm from the antennae for 30 s, and then walked at a distance of between 90 cm and 30 cm from the antennas in 10 s.
- Finally, the subject stood at a distance of 30 cm from the antennas for 30 s.
3. Experimental Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | P/S 1 | NSST 2 | NV 3 | ST 4 | SR 5 (Meter) | Technology | Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[10] | Lying | 1 | 10 | HB 6 | on Body | CW 8 Radar | 1 GHz |
[7] | Vertical: Standing/facing Antenna | 1 | 1 | RR 7 | No Contact | CW 8 Doppler Radar | 2.45 GHz |
[4] | Standing/walking | 1 and 2 | 1 | HB 6 | Wearable Sensor | UWB 9 Wireless Communication | 3.5–4.5 GHz |
[14] | Standing | 1 | 1 | RR 7 | 1 to 5 | UWB 9 Radar | - |
[2,15] | Sitting/Supine | 1 | 3 | HB 6 | 1 | Quadrature Doppler Radar | 2.4 GHz |
[8] | Standing | 1 | 1 | HB 6/RR 7 | Doppler Radar | 2.4 GHz | |
[1] | Standing | 1 | 1 | HB 6/RR 7 | 1 | CW 8 Radar | 12 GHz/24 GHz |
[9] | Standing | 1 | 1 | HB 6/RR 7 | 0.55 | UWB 9 Radar/Stepped Frequency CW 8 | 3 GHz |
[16] | Sitting | 1 | 1 | HB 6/RR 7 | 1 | Doppler Radar | 5.8 GHz |
[11] | Lying | 1 | 1 | HB 6 | 0.5 | Radar | 10, 15/18 GHz |
[3] | Simulation | HB 6 | Direct Conversion Doppler Radar | 2.4 GHz | |||
[17] | Sitting | 1 | 1 | HB 6 | Doppler Radar | 5.8 GHz/20 GHz | |
[18] | Simulation | HB 6/RR 7 | 0.5, 1 & 2 | Millimetre-Wave Doppler Radar | 60 GHz | ||
[19] | Walking | 1 | 2 | Target Position | 5 × 5 | UWB 9 Radar | 2.45 GHz |
[20,21] | Walking | Multi | HB 6/RR 7 | 8 × 8 | Injection Locked I/Q Receivers | 2.4 GHz | |
This Work | Standing/walking | 1 and 2 | 8 | RR 6 | 0.3–1.5 | CW 8 Radar | 4 GHz |
Colour Representing Each Subject | Respiration Rate (Hz) |
---|---|
0.3052 | |
0.2441 | |
0.3586 | |
0.3357 | |
0.3662 | |
0.3967 | |
0.1984 |
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Pour Ebrahim, M.; Sarvi, M.; Yuce, M.R. A Doppler Radar System for Sensing Physiological Parameters in Walking and Standing Positions. Sensors 2017, 17, 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030485
Pour Ebrahim M, Sarvi M, Yuce MR. A Doppler Radar System for Sensing Physiological Parameters in Walking and Standing Positions. Sensors. 2017; 17(3):485. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030485
Chicago/Turabian StylePour Ebrahim, Malikeh, Majid Sarvi, and Mehmet Rasit Yuce. 2017. "A Doppler Radar System for Sensing Physiological Parameters in Walking and Standing Positions" Sensors 17, no. 3: 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030485