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Article

Cigarette Smoking Detection with An Inertial Sensor and A Smart Lighter

1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
2
Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2019, 19(3), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030570
Submission received: 6 December 2018 / Revised: 24 January 2019 / Accepted: 26 January 2019 / Published: 29 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Collection Wearable and Unobtrusive Biomedical Monitoring)

Abstract

In recent years, a number of wearable approaches have been introduced for objective monitoring of cigarette smoking based on monitoring of hand gestures, breathing or cigarette lighting events. However, non-reactive, objective and accurate measurement of everyday cigarette consumption in the wild remains a challenge. This study utilizes a wearable sensor system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker 2.0, PACT2.0) and proposes a method that integrates information from an instrumented lighter and a 6-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) on the wrist for accurate detection of smoking events. The PACT2.0 was utilized in a study of 35 moderate to heavy smokers in both controlled (1.5–2 h) and unconstrained free-living conditions (~24 h). The collected dataset contained approximately 871 h of IMU data, 463 lighting events, and 443 cigarettes. The proposed method identified smoking events from the cigarette lighter data and estimated puff counts by detecting hand-to-mouth gestures (HMG) in the IMU data by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation on the data from the controlled portion of the study achieved high accuracy and F1-score of smoking event detection and estimation of puff counts (97%/98% and 93%/86%, respectively). The results of validation in free-living demonstrate 84.9% agreement with self-reported cigarettes. These results suggest that an IMU and instrumented lighter may potentially be used in studies of smoking behavior under natural conditions.
Keywords: cigarette smoking; hand gestures; IMU sensor; lighter; unobtrusive sensing; wearable sensors cigarette smoking; hand gestures; IMU sensor; lighter; unobtrusive sensing; wearable sensors

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Senyurek, V.; Imtiaz, M.; Belsare, P.; Tiffany, S.; Sazonov, E. Cigarette Smoking Detection with An Inertial Sensor and A Smart Lighter. Sensors 2019, 19, 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030570

AMA Style

Senyurek V, Imtiaz M, Belsare P, Tiffany S, Sazonov E. Cigarette Smoking Detection with An Inertial Sensor and A Smart Lighter. Sensors. 2019; 19(3):570. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030570

Chicago/Turabian Style

Senyurek, Volkan, Masudul Imtiaz, Prajakta Belsare, Stephen Tiffany, and Edward Sazonov. 2019. "Cigarette Smoking Detection with An Inertial Sensor and A Smart Lighter" Sensors 19, no. 3: 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030570

APA Style

Senyurek, V., Imtiaz, M., Belsare, P., Tiffany, S., & Sazonov, E. (2019). Cigarette Smoking Detection with An Inertial Sensor and A Smart Lighter. Sensors, 19(3), 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030570

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