A Dynamic TDMA Scheduling Strategy for MANETs Based on Service Priority
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background and Motivation
1.2. Related Work
1.3. Innovations and Contributions
- A novel service priority-based distributed broadcast (SP-DB) mechanism is proposed, which introduces the service priority factor to prioritize various sensing information and enhance the adaptability to dynamic service requirements.
- A time slot reservation mechanism based on the consideration of multi-hop cooperative characteristic in the end-to-end transmission of MANETs is presented to ensure the continuity of service information transmission.
- A binary tree model-based adaptive time slot allocation mechanism is adopted to handle the traffic load of different service priority information efficiently.
- The MD-CCH algorithm for frame structure optimization is proposed to improve slot use of the system and further reduce end-to-end delay.
2. The Service Priority Based Dynamic TDMA Scheduling Algorithm
2.1. The Service Priority Based Distributed Broadcast Mechanism
Algorithm 1 The SP-DS Time Slot Allocation Algorithm of Node j |
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2.2. The Time Slot Reservation Mechanism
- In the first stage of RS, each reservation node will calculate the number of slots S that can be continuously reserved in the current control frame according to the binary tree model-based adaptive slot allocation mechanism, which will be mentioned in Section 2.4. When the reserved slots do not reach S, a reservation node needs to continue to reserve in RS, so it will broadcast its own ID in the third stage of RS.
- A reservation node has constructed a transmission path from itself to the destination node through the routing module before it starts time slot reservation, so it knows its next hop node ID when it is reserving time slot. To ensure that the current service information can be continuously transmitted by the routing nodes on the transmission path (as shown in Figure 6) to reduce the unnecessary delay, the order of time slot reservations among different nodes needs to be kept consistent with the order of routing nodes on the transmission path. In this case, the reservation node will broadcast its next hop node ID in the third stage of RS on the condition that the number of slots it has reserved reaches S. The node that received its own ID in the third stage of RS must send a reservation request in the first stage of RS, provided that its received node IDs in the fourth and fifth stage of RS are not within its two-hop range or the received priority numbers are lower than its own. Otherwise, it will back off. This is to ensure as far as possible that the next hop node of reservation node can reserve the slot DS successfully so that it can continue to transmit the same service information.
2.3. The Mathematical Expectation of Reservation Rounds
2.4. The Binary Tree Model Based Adaptive Slot Allocation Mechanism
Algorithm 2 The Binary Tree Model Based Adaptive Slot Allocation Mechanism |
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3. The Distributed Vertex Coloring Based Frame Structure Optimization Algorithm
3.1. The Model of Graph Vertex Coloring
3.2. The Modified Distributed Color Constraint Heuristic Algorithm
- The coloring starts from the nodes with the highest value of within their two-hop range. If there are multiple nodes with the same within two-hop range, the node with more one-hop neighbors () will be chosen as the starting node.
- All the one-hop neighbors of the starting nodes are colored based on the descending order of their .
- The remaining nodes decide when to start coloring according to the DSA-CCH algorithm. That is to say, a node starts to color itself when the , as shown in Equation (21) [29], exceeds a threshold. The threshold is set through experimental simulation (in our experimental simulation, considering the balance of coloring order between breadth-first and depth-first, the threshold is set to be 0.28 for making the weight of coloring order towards a breadth-first [29]).
Algorithm 3 The MD-CCH Distributed Vertex Coloring Algorithm of Node j |
Input:_set[]; _set[]; Colors_set[]. Output: Consumed colors (M) in Colors_set[].
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4. Experiment and Performance Evaluation
4.1. Experiment Settings
4.2. Experiment Results and Performance
4.2.1. Performance Comparison of Different Service Priority Information
4.2.2. Number of Colors
4.2.3. Running Time and Number of Reservation Rounds
4.2.4. End-to-end Delay and Throughput
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Priority Number (N) | Service Type |
---|---|
0 | A |
1 | B |
2 | C |
3 | D |
4 | E |
... | ... |
NO. | Current State | Event | Action/Condition | Next State |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | IDLE | With the largest priority number within the two-hop range and the smallest token among the nodes of same level | Construct the transmission path and send a slot reservation request | REQUEST |
2 | IDLE | Receive a request from one of the one-hop neighbors | Send a grant | GRANT |
3 | IDLE | With no reservation requirement or its priority level is insufficient | Backoff | IDLE |
4 | REQUEST | The grant information from all one-hop neighbors is received | Send a release | RELEASE |
5 | REQUEST | Receive a request from another node | Send a reject | REQUEST |
6 | REQUEST | Receive a reject from one of the one-hop neighbors | Send a fail | IDLE |
7 | RELEASE | Receive a request from one of the one-hop neighbors | Send a grant | GRANT |
8 | GRANT | Receive a request from an ungranted node | Send a reject | GRANT |
9 | GRANT | Receive a release or fail, and it has not been allocated time slot | Forward the received message to its one-hop neighbors | IDLE |
10 | GRANT | Receive a release or fail, and it has been allocated time slot | Forward the received message to its one-hop neighbors | RELEASE |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Topology model | ns3::Random Rectangle Position Allocator |
Mobile model | ns3::Random Way Point Mobility Model |
Propagation loss model | ns3::Log Distance Propagation Loss Model |
Propagation delay model | ns3::Constant Speed Propagation Delay Model |
Simulation area | 300 m × 300 m |
Movement speed of nodes | 4 m/s |
Number of nodes | [25,300] |
Range of neighbour nodes | [4,70] |
Link capacity | 2 Mbps |
Broadcasting range(m) | 40 |
Packet size | 256 Byte |
Packet sending rate | 1000 packets/s |
Routing protocol | AODV |
Transfer protocol | UDP |
Number of flows | 1–10 |
Data flow generator | OnOffApplication |
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Ye, Y.; Zhang, X.; Xie, L.; Qin, K. A Dynamic TDMA Scheduling Strategy for MANETs Based on Service Priority. Sensors 2020, 20, 7218. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247218
Ye Y, Zhang X, Xie L, Qin K. A Dynamic TDMA Scheduling Strategy for MANETs Based on Service Priority. Sensors. 2020; 20(24):7218. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247218
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Yufeng, Xiangyin Zhang, Lanfeng Xie, and Kaiyu Qin. 2020. "A Dynamic TDMA Scheduling Strategy for MANETs Based on Service Priority" Sensors 20, no. 24: 7218. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247218