Methodology for the Implementation of Internal Standard to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Soft Tissues
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.1.1. Tissue Processing
2.1.2. Internal Standard
2.2. Methodological Approach
2.3. Experimental Set-Up
2.4. LIBS Mapping
2.5. Spectra Assessment and Filtering
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Typical LIBS Spectrum of a Mouse Kidney
3.2. Stability of Measurement
3.3. Optimization of Experimental Settings
3.3.1. Dependence on Ablation Lens Focus
3.3.2. Dependence on Gate Delay
3.3.3. Dependence on Laser Pulse Energy
3.3.4. Dependence on Atmosphere
3.4. Substrate Effect
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Δc (mg/kg) | Standard Deviation | Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) |
---|---|---|---|
P | 3346 | 378 | 11% |
K | 3013 | 213 | 7% |
S | 2621 | 267 | 10% |
Na | 1644 | 161 | 10% |
Mg | 229 | 25 | 11% |
Fe | 135 | 32 | 24% |
Ca | 75 | 9 | 11% |
Zn | 19 | 2 | 11% |
Parameter | Range | Unit |
---|---|---|
defocus | −300 to 300 | µm |
laser energy | 10 to 30 | mJ |
gate delay | 0.25 to 3 | µs |
Element | λ (nm) | Aki (s−1) | Ei (eV) | Ek (eV) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ca II | 317.96 | 3.6·108 | 3.1510 | 7.0500 |
Zn I | 328.23 | 9.0·107 | 4.0060 | 7.7820 |
Zn I | 330.26 | 1.2·108 | 4.0300 | 7.7830 |
Zn I | 334.50 | 1.5·108 | 4.0782 | 7.7839 |
Ca I | 336.19 | 2.2·107 | 1.8989 | 5.5858 |
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Šindelářová, A.; Pořízka, P.; Modlitbová, P.; Vrlíková, L.; Kiss, K.; Kaška, M.; Prochazka, D.; Vrábel, J.; Buchtová, M.; Kaiser, J. Methodology for the Implementation of Internal Standard to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Soft Tissues. Sensors 2021, 21, 900. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030900
Šindelářová A, Pořízka P, Modlitbová P, Vrlíková L, Kiss K, Kaška M, Prochazka D, Vrábel J, Buchtová M, Kaiser J. Methodology for the Implementation of Internal Standard to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Soft Tissues. Sensors. 2021; 21(3):900. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030900
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠindelářová, Anna, Pavel Pořízka, Pavlína Modlitbová, Lucie Vrlíková, Kateřina Kiss, Milan Kaška, David Prochazka, Jakub Vrábel, Marcela Buchtová, and Jozef Kaiser. 2021. "Methodology for the Implementation of Internal Standard to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Soft Tissues" Sensors 21, no. 3: 900. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030900
APA StyleŠindelářová, A., Pořízka, P., Modlitbová, P., Vrlíková, L., Kiss, K., Kaška, M., Prochazka, D., Vrábel, J., Buchtová, M., & Kaiser, J. (2021). Methodology for the Implementation of Internal Standard to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Soft Tissues. Sensors, 21(3), 900. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030900