LTV-MPC Approach for Automated Vehicle Path Following at the Limit of Handling

In this paper, a linear time-varying model predictive controller (LTV-MPC) is proposed for automated vehicle path-following applications. In the field of path following, the application of nonlinear MPCs is becoming more common; however, the major disadvantage of this algorithm is the high computational cost. During this research, the authors propose two methods to reduce the nonlinear terms: one is a novel method to define the path-following problem by transforming the path according to the actual state of the vehicle, while the other one is the application of a successive linearization technique to generate the state–space representation of the vehicle used for state prediction by the MPC. Furthermore, the dynamic effect of the steering system is examined as well by modeling the steering dynamics with a first-order lag. Using the proposed method, the necessary segment of the predefined path is transformed, the linearized model of the vehicle is calculated, and the optimal steering control vector is calculated for a finite horizon at every timestep. The longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle are controlled separately from the lateral dynamics by a PI cruise controller. The performance of the controller is evaluated and the effect of the steering model is examined as well.