Optimization Design of Surface Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Based on Simulation Analysis and Orthogonal Test Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Transduction Mechanism and Governing Equation of EMATs
3. Surface Wave EMAT Modeling and Simulation Analysis
4. Optimal Design of EMATs
4.1. Orthogonal Test Design
4.2. Analysis of Orthogonal Test Results
4.3. Optimal Design
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Although the lift-off distance and excitation current play the most significant role in the enhancement of signal amplitude of surface waves, the proper choice of EMAT parameters, such as the thickness of the magnet and coil as well as the width of coil conductors can significantly increase the signal amplitude.
- (2)
- The amplitude of surface wave displacement increases linearly with the increasing excitation current or decreasing lift-off distance, and these two factors have the most significant effect on surface wave displacement. The effect of conductor width and permanent magnet height on surface waves cannot be ignored. Appropriately increasing the wire width and permanent magnet height can also increase the displacement amplitude. The coil thickness has little influence on the displacement, so the conductor thickness should be as small as possible under the condition that the manufacturing process allows.
- (3)
- The lift-off distance and excitation current have similar magnitude effects, and they have a much stronger influence on the signal amplitude of the surface waves excited by the Lorentz forces. This allows the properties of the excited surface waves to be adjusted to meet the requirements of actual applications.
- (4)
- Covering the meander-line-coil with a new material ANSM can dramatically optimize the magnetic circuit, enhance the eddy current density indicated on aluminum plate, improve the Lorentz force density in the X-direction and Y-direction, and also increase the dynamic magnetic induction intensity, thus reinforcing the signal amplitude of ultrasonic surface waves. Simply put, the new material ANSM can improve the overall performance of surface wave EMATs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Object | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|
Coil | Width | 0.1 mm |
Thickness | 0.05 mm | |
List-off distance | 0.1 mm | |
Resistivity | Ωm | |
Magnet | Width | 22 mm |
Thickness | 20 mm | |
Magnetic flux density | 1.35 T | |
List-off distance | 1.0 mm | |
Aluminum Plate | Width | 320 mm |
Thickness | 20 mm | |
Density | 2700 kg/m3 | |
Electrical conductivity | S/m | |
Young’s modulus | Pa | |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.33 | |
Excitation Current | Peak value | 50 A |
Frequency | 500 kHz |
Levels | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 20 | 50 |
2 | 0.4 | 0.06 | 0.3 | 25 | 100 |
3 | 0.6 | 0.09 | 0.5 | 30 | 150 |
4 | 0.8 | 0.12 | 0.7 | 35 | 200 |
Run | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | (mm) | (mm) | (mm) | (A) | |||
1 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 20 | 50 | 3.95 | 1.63 |
2 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.3 | 25 | 100 | 6.53 | 2.69 |
3 | 0.2 | 0.09 | 0.5 | 30 | 150 | 7.85 | 3.23 |
4 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 0.7 | 35 | 200 | 8.23 | 3.37 |
5 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 30 | 200 | 13.9 | 5.67 |
6 | 0.4 | 0.06 | 0.1 | 35 | 150 | 13.6 | 5.60 |
7 | 0.4 | 0.09 | 0.7 | 20 | 100 | 3.52 | 1.46 |
8 | 0.4 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 25 | 50 | 2.43 | 1.01 |
9 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 35 | 100 | 5.53 | 2.28 |
10 | 0.6 | 0.06 | 0.7 | 30 | 50 | 2.00 | 0.83 |
11 | 0.6 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 25 | 200 | 16.2 | 6.65 |
12 | 0.6 | 0.12 | 0.3 | 20 | 150 | 8.68 | 3.56 |
13 | 0.8 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 25 | 150 | 5.76 | 2.37 |
14 | 0.8 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 20 | 200 | 9.12 | 3.73 |
15 | 0.8 | 0.09 | 0.3 | 35 | 50 | 3.35 | 1.39 |
16 | 0.8 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 30 | 100 | 8.17 | 3.35 |
Amplitude | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | (mm) | (mm) | (mm) | (A) | ||
k1 | 6.64 | 7.28 | 10.48 | 6.32 | 2.93 | |
k2 | 8.36 | 7.81 | 8.11 | 7.73 | 5.94 | |
k3 | 8.10 | 7.73 | 6.23 | 7.98 | 8.97 | |
mm) | k4 | 6.60 | 6.88 | 4.88 | 7.68 | 11.9 |
Ru | 1.76 | 0.93 | 5.60 | 1.66 | 8.97 | |
(0.93) | ||||||
k1 | 2.73 | 2.98 | 4.31 | 2.59 | 1.21 | |
k2 | 3.43 | 3.21 | 3.82 | 3.18 | 2.44 | |
k3 | 3.33 | 3.18 | 2.56 | 3.27 | 3.69 | |
mm) | k4 | 2.71 | 2.82 | 2.01 | 3.16 | 4.85 |
Rv | 0.72 | 0.39 | 2.30 | 0.68 | 3.64 | |
(0.39) |
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Lan, J.; Zhang, J.; Jia, X.; Gao, R. Optimization Design of Surface Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Based on Simulation Analysis and Orthogonal Test Method. Sensors 2022, 22, 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524
Lan J, Zhang J, Jia X, Gao R. Optimization Design of Surface Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Based on Simulation Analysis and Orthogonal Test Method. Sensors. 2022; 22(2):524. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524
Chicago/Turabian StyleLan, Ju, Jingjun Zhang, Xiaojuan Jia, and Ruizhen Gao. 2022. "Optimization Design of Surface Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Based on Simulation Analysis and Orthogonal Test Method" Sensors 22, no. 2: 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524