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Volume 22
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10.3390/s22031130
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Article

A Wearable Multimodal Sensing System for Tracking Changes in Pulmonary Fluid Status, Lung Sounds, and Respiratory Markers

by
Jesus Antonio Sanchez-Perez
1,*,†,
John A. Berkebile
1,†,
Brandi N. Nevius
2,
Goktug C. Ozmen
1,
Christopher J. Nichols
3,
Venu G. Ganti
4,
Samer A. Mabrouk
1,
Gari D. Clifford
3,5,
Rishikesan Kamaleswaran
3,5,6,
David W. Wright
6 and
Omer T. Inan
1,3
1
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA
2
Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
3
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
4
Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
5
Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
6
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 1130; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031130
Submission received: 31 December 2021 / Revised: 23 January 2022 / Accepted: 29 January 2022 / Published: 2 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Signal Processing for Healthcare Applications)
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Abstract

Heart failure (HF) exacerbations, characterized by pulmonary congestion and breathlessness, require frequent hospitalizations, often resulting in poor outcomes. Current methods for tracking lung fluid and respiratory distress are unable to produce continuous, holistic measures of cardiopulmonary health. We present a multimodal sensing system that captures bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), multi-channel lung sounds from four contact microphones, multi-frequency impedance pneumography (IP), temperature, and kinematics to track changes in cardiopulmonary status. We first validated the system on healthy subjects (n = 10) and then conducted a feasibility study on patients (n = 14) with HF in clinical settings. Three measurements were taken throughout the course of hospitalization, and parameters relevant to lung fluid status—the ratio of the resistances at 5 kHz to those at 150 kHz (K)—and respiratory timings (e.g., respiratory rate) were extracted. We found a statistically significant increase in K (p < 0.05) from admission to discharge and observed respiratory timings in physiologically plausible ranges. The IP-derived respiratory signals and lung sounds were sensitive enough to detect abnormal respiratory patterns (Cheyne–Stokes) and inspiratory crackles from patient recordings, respectively. We demonstrated that the proposed system is suitable for detecting changes in pulmonary fluid status and capturing high-quality respiratory signals and lung sounds in a clinical setting.
Keywords: wearable sensing; lung sounds; impedance pneumography; bioimpedance spectroscopy; cardiorespiratory monitoring; fluid status; heart failure; sensor fusion wearable sensing; lung sounds; impedance pneumography; bioimpedance spectroscopy; cardiorespiratory monitoring; fluid status; heart failure; sensor fusion

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sanchez-Perez, J.A.; Berkebile, J.A.; Nevius, B.N.; Ozmen, G.C.; Nichols, C.J.; Ganti, V.G.; Mabrouk, S.A.; Clifford, G.D.; Kamaleswaran, R.; Wright, D.W.; et al. A Wearable Multimodal Sensing System for Tracking Changes in Pulmonary Fluid Status, Lung Sounds, and Respiratory Markers. Sensors 2022, 22, 1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031130

AMA Style

Sanchez-Perez JA, Berkebile JA, Nevius BN, Ozmen GC, Nichols CJ, Ganti VG, Mabrouk SA, Clifford GD, Kamaleswaran R, Wright DW, et al. A Wearable Multimodal Sensing System for Tracking Changes in Pulmonary Fluid Status, Lung Sounds, and Respiratory Markers. Sensors. 2022; 22(3):1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031130

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanchez-Perez, Jesus Antonio, John A. Berkebile, Brandi N. Nevius, Goktug C. Ozmen, Christopher J. Nichols, Venu G. Ganti, Samer A. Mabrouk, Gari D. Clifford, Rishikesan Kamaleswaran, David W. Wright, and et al. 2022. "A Wearable Multimodal Sensing System for Tracking Changes in Pulmonary Fluid Status, Lung Sounds, and Respiratory Markers" Sensors 22, no. 3: 1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031130

APA Style

Sanchez-Perez, J. A., Berkebile, J. A., Nevius, B. N., Ozmen, G. C., Nichols, C. J., Ganti, V. G., Mabrouk, S. A., Clifford, G. D., Kamaleswaran, R., Wright, D. W., & Inan, O. T. (2022). A Wearable Multimodal Sensing System for Tracking Changes in Pulmonary Fluid Status, Lung Sounds, and Respiratory Markers. Sensors, 22(3), 1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031130

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