Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae

Song, Xin; Li, Haibin; Liu, Xiuyun; Pang, Meijun; Wang, Yuye

doi:10.3390/s23187689

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Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae

by

Xin Song

^1,†,

Haibin Li

^2,†,

Xiuyun Liu

^1,2,

Meijun Pang

^1,* and

Yuye Wang

^2,*

¹

Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

²

School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sensors 2023, 23(18), 7689; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187689

Submission received: 14 July 2023 / Revised: 22 August 2023 / Accepted: 2 September 2023 / Published: 6 September 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Terahertz Spectroscopic Sensing and Imaging Technology for Biomedicine)

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Abstract

(1) Objective: To explore the neurobiological effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on zebrafish larvae using calcium (Ca²⁺) imaging technology. (2) Methods: Zebrafish larvae at 7 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to THz radiation for 10 or 20 min; the frequency was 2.52 THz and the amplitude 50 mW/cm². The behavioral experiments, neural Ca²⁺ imaging, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of the dopamine-related genes were conducted following the irradiation. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the behavioral experiments demonstrated that THz radiation significantly increased the distance travelled and speed of zebrafish larvae. In addition, the maximum acceleration and motion frequency were elevated in the 20 min radiation group. The neural Ca²⁺ imaging results indicated a substantial increase in zebrafish neuronal activity. qPCR experiments revealed a significant upregulation of dopamine-related genes, such as drd2b, drd4a, slc6a3 and th. (4) Conclusion: THz radiation (2.52 THz, 50 mW/cm², 20 min) upregulated dopamine-related genes and significantly enhanced neuronal excitability, and the neurobiological effect of THz radiation can be visualized using neural Ca²⁺ imaging in vivo.

Keywords: terahertz radiation; zebrafish; neural calcium imaging; neurobiological effect

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MDPI and ACS Style

Song, X.; Li, H.; Liu, X.; Pang, M.; Wang, Y. Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae. Sensors 2023, 23, 7689. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187689

AMA Style

Song X, Li H, Liu X, Pang M, Wang Y. Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae. Sensors. 2023; 23(18):7689. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187689

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Xin, Haibin Li, Xiuyun Liu, Meijun Pang, and Yuye Wang. 2023. "Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae" Sensors 23, no. 18: 7689. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187689

APA Style

Song, X., Li, H., Liu, X., Pang, M., & Wang, Y. (2023). Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae. Sensors, 23(18), 7689. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187689

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Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae

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