A Novel Low Complexity Two-Stage Tone Reservation Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- We use the Monte Carlo method to bring forward a reasonable and laconic amount of PRT estimates, which is 0.08 multiplied by the number of subcarriers, N.
- We estimated a rough power threshold in the initial stage to diminish the PAPR refined iteration number in the second stage, furthermore, it can significantly reduce the total complexity.
- We utilize an iteration scheme to balance the peak power and average power to obtain a near-optimum PAPR.
- We apply the side information to the auxiliary receiver to preserve BER performance.
2. System Model
2.1. OFDM System and PAPR Definition
2.2. Related Work
2.2.1. Selective Mapping (SLM)
2.2.2. Partial Transmission Sequence (PTS)
2.2.3. Tone Injection (TI)
2.2.4. Tone Reservation (TR)
3. Proposed Scheme
- In the first stage:
Algorithm 1 Algorithm for the first stage |
Step 1 Sort the IFFT output data by tone magnitude from large to small, and denote |
the sorted signal as . |
Step 2 Set k to zero. |
Step 3 Set and . |
Step 4 Detect each tone magnitude in the signal , if and subtract from |
the tone, if and , addition to the tone. Otherwise, do not alter. |
Step 5 If |
return Step 4 |
else |
Compute and store the PAPR of the revised signal into the sequence . |
Step 6 If |
return Step 3 |
Step 7 Select with minimum PAPR from the stored PAPR sequence, , and then |
produce relative . |
- In the second stage:
Algorithm 2 Algorithm for the second stage |
Step 1 Set and |
Step 2 For |
While |
Step 3 Calculating the PAPR and storing the auxiliary signal . |
Step 4 If |
produce the output signal and the auxiliary signal . |
else |
set , and then go to Step 2. |
4. Simulation and Discussion
4.1. Experimental Results
4.2. Computational Complexity Analyze and Performance Discussion
4.2.1. Complexity Expression Analyze
4.2.2. Numerical Analysis of Computational Complexity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABC | Artificial bee colony |
AWGN | Additive white Gaussian noise |
BER | Bit error rate |
CCDF | Complementary cumulative distribution function |
CMAs | Complex multiplications and additions |
HPA | High-power amplifier |
IFFT | Inverse fast Fourier transform |
IoT | Internet of Things |
I-TR | Improved-tone reservation |
MC | Multiple carriers |
NP | Non-deterministic polynomial-time |
OFDM | Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing |
PAPR | Peak-to-average power ratio |
PRT | Peak reduction tone |
PSK | Phase-shift keying |
PTS | Partial transmission sequence |
QAM | Quadrature amplitude modulation |
SLM | Selective mapping |
TI | Tone injection |
TR | Tone reservation |
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Parameter Name | Description and Definition |
---|---|
Generalized power allocation threshold. | |
The power allocation threshold at the ith iteration in the second stage. | |
The power allocation threshold produced in the first (initial) stage, can be used for the initial iteration in the second stage, in other words, which is equal to . | |
The parameter of certain PAPR thresholds for the CCDF estimation. | |
The sorted signal of the original OFDM signal by each subcarrier magnitude is from large to small. | |
The setting of the PAPR convergence range for a limited magnitude change percentage in the second stage. | |
The PAPR at the ith iteration in the second stage. | |
The PAPR when the pure OFDM signal was transmitted, namely, is equal to . | |
The PAPR sequence for each different amount of PRT. | |
An auxiliary signal for remembering the amended magnitude and position at the ith iteration in the second stage. |
Parameter Name | Value |
---|---|
The number of experiment for Montecarlo. | 100,000 |
The order of QAM. | 16, 64 |
N, number of subcarrier of OFDM signal. | 512, 1024 |
, rotation factor group number of PTS scheme. | 256 |
, rotation factor group number of ABC-PTS scheme. | 256 |
, rotation factor group number of SLM scheme. | 1024 |
P, clusters number of PTS-based scheme. | 4 |
u, additional equivalent constellation points number of TI method. | 1 |
L, number of candidate peak countervail signals in TR scheme. | 30 |
i, number of iterations in I-TR scheme. | 7 |
M, estimated amount of PRT. |
Technology | Number of Complex Multiplications | Number of Complex Addition |
---|---|---|
SLM [18] | ||
Interleave-PTS [23] | ||
PTS [21] | ||
ABC-PTS [22] | ||
TI [27] | ||
TR [28] | ||
Proposed |
Scheme | CMAs N = 512 | CMAs N = 1024 |
---|---|---|
SLM [18] | 538,448,895 | 2,150,635,519 |
ABC-PTS [22] | 135,528,704 | 539,492,608 |
PTS [21] | 135,004,416 | 538,444,032 |
Interleave-PTS [23] | 8,437,776 | 33,652,752 |
TI [27] | 269,486,081 | 2,151,682,049 |
TR [28] | 15,759,390 | 62,976,030 |
Proposed | 539,156 | 2,127,380 |
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Tu, Y.-P.; Chang, C.-C. A Novel Low Complexity Two-Stage Tone Reservation Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems. Sensors 2023, 23, 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020950
Tu Y-P, Chang C-C. A Novel Low Complexity Two-Stage Tone Reservation Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems. Sensors. 2023; 23(2):950. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020950
Chicago/Turabian StyleTu, Yung-Ping, and Chiao-Che Chang. 2023. "A Novel Low Complexity Two-Stage Tone Reservation Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems" Sensors 23, no. 2: 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020950