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Sensors
Volume 23
Issue 9
10.3390/s23094486
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Article

Towards Preventing Gaps in Health Care Systems through Smartphone Use: Analysis of ARKit for Accurate Measurement of Facial Distances in Different Angles

by
Leon Nissen
1,*,
Julia Hübner
2,
Jens Klinker
3,
Maximilian Kapsecker
1,3,
Alexander Leube
2,
Max Schneckenburger
4 and
Stephan M. Jonas
1
1
Institute for Digital Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
2
Carl Zeiss Vision GmbH, Turnstraße 27, 73430 Aalen, Germany
3
School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
4
Centre for Optical Technologies, Aalen University of Applied Science, 73430 Aalen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2023, 23(9), 4486; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094486
Submission received: 4 April 2023 / Revised: 24 April 2023 / Accepted: 3 May 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensing Systems for Health Monitoring)
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Abstract

There is a growing consensus in the global health community that the use of communication technologies will be an essential factor in ensuring universal health coverage of the world’s population. New technologies can only be used profitably if their accuracy is sufficient. Therefore, we explore the feasibility of using Apple’s ARKit technology to accurately measure the distance from the user’s eye to their smartphone screen. We developed an iOS application for measuring eyes-to-phone distances in various angles, using the built-in front-facing-camera and TrueDepth sensor. The actual position of the phone is precisely controlled and recorded, by fixing the head position and placing the phone in a robotic arm. Our results indicate that ARKit is capable of producing accurate measurements, with overall errors ranging between 0.88% and 9.07% from the actual distance, across various head positions. The accuracy of ARKit may be impacted by several factors such as head size, position, device model, and temperature. Our findings suggest that ARKit is a useful tool in the development of applications aimed at preventing eye damage caused by smartphone use.
Keywords: ARKit; face tracking; distance measurement; accuracy; vision assessment ARKit; face tracking; distance measurement; accuracy; vision assessment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nissen, L.; Hübner, J.; Klinker, J.; Kapsecker, M.; Leube, A.; Schneckenburger, M.; Jonas, S.M. Towards Preventing Gaps in Health Care Systems through Smartphone Use: Analysis of ARKit for Accurate Measurement of Facial Distances in Different Angles. Sensors 2023, 23, 4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094486

AMA Style

Nissen L, Hübner J, Klinker J, Kapsecker M, Leube A, Schneckenburger M, Jonas SM. Towards Preventing Gaps in Health Care Systems through Smartphone Use: Analysis of ARKit for Accurate Measurement of Facial Distances in Different Angles. Sensors. 2023; 23(9):4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094486

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nissen, Leon, Julia Hübner, Jens Klinker, Maximilian Kapsecker, Alexander Leube, Max Schneckenburger, and Stephan M. Jonas. 2023. "Towards Preventing Gaps in Health Care Systems through Smartphone Use: Analysis of ARKit for Accurate Measurement of Facial Distances in Different Angles" Sensors 23, no. 9: 4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094486

APA Style

Nissen, L., Hübner, J., Klinker, J., Kapsecker, M., Leube, A., Schneckenburger, M., & Jonas, S. M. (2023). Towards Preventing Gaps in Health Care Systems through Smartphone Use: Analysis of ARKit for Accurate Measurement of Facial Distances in Different Angles. Sensors, 23(9), 4486. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094486

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