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Article

A Lightweight Double Compression Detector for HEIF Images Based on Encoding Information

by
Yoshihisa Furushita
1,
Marco Fontani
2,
Stefano Bianchi
2,
Alessandro Piva
1,* and
Giovanni Ramponi
3
1
Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
2
Amped Software, 34149 Trieste, Italy
3
Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), Università Degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2024, 24(16), 5103; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165103
Submission received: 13 June 2024 / Revised: 29 July 2024 / Accepted: 2 August 2024 / Published: 6 August 2024

Abstract

Extensive research has been conducted in image forensics on the analysis of double-compressed images, particularly in the widely adopted JPEG format. However, there is a lack of methods to detect double compression in the HEIF format, which has recently gained popularity since it allows for reduced file size while maintaining image quality. Traditional JPEG-based techniques do not apply to HEIF due to its distinct encoding algorithms. We previously proposed a method to detect double compression in HEIF images based on Farid’s work on coding ghosts in JPEG images. However, this method was limited to scenarios where the quality parameter used for the first encoding was larger than for the second encoding. In this study, we propose a lightweight image classifier to extend the existing model, enabling the identification of double-compressed images without heavily depending on the input image’s quantization history. This extended model outperforms the previous approach and, despite its lightness, demonstrates excellent detection accuracy.
Keywords: image forensics; double compression; HEIF; coding ghosts image forensics; double compression; HEIF; coding ghosts

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Furushita, Y.; Fontani, M.; Bianchi, S.; Piva, A.; Ramponi, G. A Lightweight Double Compression Detector for HEIF Images Based on Encoding Information. Sensors 2024, 24, 5103. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165103

AMA Style

Furushita Y, Fontani M, Bianchi S, Piva A, Ramponi G. A Lightweight Double Compression Detector for HEIF Images Based on Encoding Information. Sensors. 2024; 24(16):5103. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165103

Chicago/Turabian Style

Furushita, Yoshihisa, Marco Fontani, Stefano Bianchi, Alessandro Piva, and Giovanni Ramponi. 2024. "A Lightweight Double Compression Detector for HEIF Images Based on Encoding Information" Sensors 24, no. 16: 5103. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165103

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