The Development of a Novel Nitrate Portable Measurement System Based on a UV Paired Diode–Photodiode
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Instrument Description
2.2. Photon Source
2.3. Processing and Sensing System Design
2.4. Enclosure Box and Printed Circuit Board
2.5. Samples: Nitrate Standard Solution Preparation
2.6. Calibration Algorithm
2.7. Processing Algorithm for Standalone Measurements
2.8. Chemical Reagents and Fe2+ Samples
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sensitivity Analysis
3.2. Results for the Calibration of the NPMS
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Forward current | 1 mA |
Reverse voltage | 5 V |
Working voltage | 2.7 V to 5.5 V |
Active area | 0.076 mm2 |
Typical dark current at 25 °C with VR of 0.1 V | 1 nA |
Photocurrent with UVA Lamp of 1 mW/cm2 | 113 nA |
Temperature coefficient | 0.08%/°C |
Responsivity at λ = 300 nm with VR of 0 V | 0.14 A/W |
Operation temperature | −30 °C to 85 °C |
Spectral detection range | 240 to 370 nm |
Parameter | Value/Unity |
---|---|
Holographic grating | 1200 lines/mm, blazed at 240 nm |
Maximum resolution | 0.5 nm |
Range | 190 to 1100 nm |
Accuracy | ±0.20 nm (546.11 nm Hg emission line) ±30 nm (190 to 900 nm) |
Repeatability peak separation of repetitive scanning of Hg line source | <0.10 nm |
Standard deviation of 10 measurements | <0.05 nm |
Accuracy of instrument | 1A: ±0.004 A 2A: ±0.004 A 3A: ±0.006 A |
Repeatability of light intensity measurement | 1A: ±0.0025 A |
Drift | <0.0005 Abs/hour at 500 nm, 2.0 nm SBW, 2 h warm-up |
Baseline flatness | ±0.0015 A (200–800 nm), 2.0 nm SBW, smoothed |
Sample (mg NO3−/L) | Mean Abs. NPMS | Mean Abs. Nicolet | Variance NPMS (mg NO3−/L) | Variance Nicolet (mg NO3−/L) | Critical Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 0.0008 | 0.0014 | 2.1 × 10−7 | 2.4 × 10−7 | 1.10 |
10 | 0.0011 | 0.0025 | 1.5 × 10−7 | 2.5 × 10−7 | 1.65 |
25 | 0.0035 | 0.0033 | 2.3 × 10−7 | 2.1 × 10−7 | 0.89 |
50 | 0.0064 | 0.0087 | 2.3 × 10−7 | 1.9 × 10−7 | 0.82 |
75 | 0.0098 | 0.0106 | 2.1 × 10−7 | 2.2 × 10−7 | 1.01 |
100 | 0.0113 | 0.0135 | 2.0 × 10−7 | 2.5 × 10−7 | 1.19 |
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Fernandes, S.; Tlemçani, M.; Bortoli, D.; Feliciano, M.; Lopes, M.E. The Development of a Novel Nitrate Portable Measurement System Based on a UV Paired Diode–Photodiode. Sensors 2024, 24, 5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165367
Fernandes S, Tlemçani M, Bortoli D, Feliciano M, Lopes ME. The Development of a Novel Nitrate Portable Measurement System Based on a UV Paired Diode–Photodiode. Sensors. 2024; 24(16):5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165367
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernandes, Samuel, Mouhaydine Tlemçani, Daniele Bortoli, Manuel Feliciano, and Maria Elmina Lopes. 2024. "The Development of a Novel Nitrate Portable Measurement System Based on a UV Paired Diode–Photodiode" Sensors 24, no. 16: 5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165367