Research Progress on Saccharide Molecule Detection Based on Nanopores
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Monosaccharide Detection Based on Nanopore Technology
2.1. Research on Monosaccharide Detection Based on Biological Nanopores
2.2. Monosaccharide Detection Based on Solid-State Nanopores
3. Oligosaccharides Detection Based on Nanopore Technology
3.1. Research on the Detection of Neutral Oligosaccharides
3.2. Research on the Detection of Glycosaminoglycans
4. Polysaccharide Detection Based on Nanopore Technology
4.1. Research on the Detection of Heparin Using Nanopore Technology
4.2. Research on the Detection of Hyaluronic Acid Using Nanopore Technology
4.3. Detection of Other Polysaccharide Using Nanopore Technology
5. Detection of Glycosylation Biomolecules
5.1. Research on Glycosylation Peptide Detection Based on Biological Nanopore Technology
5.2. Research on Glycoprotein Detection Based on Solid-State Nanopore Technology
5.3. Research on Lipopolysaccharide Detection Based on Solid-State Nanopore Technology
6. Summary and Prospect
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nanopore Types | Sensing Strategy | Analyte Types | Pros | Cons | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological nanopore | ClyA | Resistive pulse sensing | Protein assist | Monosaccharide | Specific recognition | Cannot determine the structure | [46,47] |
Oligosaccharides | Identifies the bond types | Not universal | [63] | ||||
α-HL, MspA | Engineered nanopore | Monosaccharides | Identifies multiple polysaccharides | Nanopore needs engineering | [49,51] | ||
α-HL | Oligosaccharides | [68] | |||||
AeL | Incorporate labels | Oligosaccharides | Oligosaccharides with low charge density | Analytes need to be labeled | [65] | ||
AeL, α-HL | Direct detection | Oligo/Polysaccharides | Simple and direct | For high-charge linear molecules | [69,70,71] | ||
CymA | Needs specific membrane pore proteins | [66] | |||||
FraC | Glycosylation peptide | Simple and direct | [102,103] | ||||
Solid-state nanopore | PET, Glass | Ion rectification | Charge change | Mono/Polysaccharides | High sensitivity | Nanopore modification, unable to perform structural analysis | [56,57,59,79] |
Glass | Structure change | Monosaccharides | [61] | ||||
CN | Resistive pulse sensing | Direct detection | Oligosaccharides | Directly distinguishable structure | Multi- nanopore structure | [72] | |
SiNx | Polysaccharides Lipopolysaccharide | Multi- condition testing | [89,106] | ||||
SiNx | Detection through algorithms | Direct detection | Suitable for high molecular weight, charge and linear molecules | [75,76,78,84] | |||
Glass | Enzyme modification | Real-time reaction monitoring | [85] | ||||
Chemical modification | Glycoprotein | High sensitivity | Nanopore modification | [104] | |||
SiNx, Glass | Detection via ionic liquids | Poly- saccharide | Polysaccharides with low charge density | Electrolyte contains multiple solvents | [90,91] | ||
Glass | Chemical molecules assistant | Introduction of other molecules | [96] |
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Yin, B.; Xie, W.; Fang, S.; He, S.; Ma, W.; Liang, L.; Yin, Y.; Zhou, D.; Wang, Z.; Wang, D. Research Progress on Saccharide Molecule Detection Based on Nanopores. Sensors 2024, 24, 5442. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165442
Yin B, Xie W, Fang S, He S, Ma W, Liang L, Yin Y, Zhou D, Wang Z, Wang D. Research Progress on Saccharide Molecule Detection Based on Nanopores. Sensors. 2024; 24(16):5442. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165442
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Bohua, Wanyi Xie, Shaoxi Fang, Shixuan He, Wenhao Ma, Liyuan Liang, Yajie Yin, Daming Zhou, Zuobin Wang, and Deqiang Wang. 2024. "Research Progress on Saccharide Molecule Detection Based on Nanopores" Sensors 24, no. 16: 5442. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165442