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Article

Human Activity Recognition Through Augmented WiFi CSI Signals by Lightweight Attention-GRU

by
Hari Kang
,
Donghyun Kim
and
Kar-Ann Toh
*
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(5), 1547; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051547
Submission received: 20 January 2025 / Revised: 23 February 2025 / Accepted: 26 February 2025 / Published: 2 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensing Technology for Human Activity Recognition)

Abstract

In this study, we investigate human activity recognition (HAR) using WiFi channel state information (CSI) signals, employing a single-layer gated recurrent unit (GRU) with an attention module. To overcome the limitations of existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) models, which, despite their good performance, have substantial model sizes, we propose a lightweight model that incorporates data augmentation and pruning techniques. Our primary goal is to maintain high performance while significantly reducing model complexity. The proposed method demonstrates promising results across four different datasets, in particular achieving an accuracy of about 98.92%, outperforming an SOTA model on the ARIL dataset while reducing the model size from 252.10 M to 0.0578 M parameters. Additionally, our method achieves a reduction in computational cost from 18.06 GFLOPs to 0.01 GFLOPs for the same dataset, making it highly suitable for practical HAR applications.
Keywords: human activity recognition; time-series signals; WiFi CSI; self-attention; GRU; pruning; data augmentation human activity recognition; time-series signals; WiFi CSI; self-attention; GRU; pruning; data augmentation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kang, H.; Kim, D.; Toh, K.-A. Human Activity Recognition Through Augmented WiFi CSI Signals by Lightweight Attention-GRU. Sensors 2025, 25, 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051547

AMA Style

Kang H, Kim D, Toh K-A. Human Activity Recognition Through Augmented WiFi CSI Signals by Lightweight Attention-GRU. Sensors. 2025; 25(5):1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051547

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kang, Hari, Donghyun Kim, and Kar-Ann Toh. 2025. "Human Activity Recognition Through Augmented WiFi CSI Signals by Lightweight Attention-GRU" Sensors 25, no. 5: 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051547

APA Style

Kang, H., Kim, D., & Toh, K.-A. (2025). Human Activity Recognition Through Augmented WiFi CSI Signals by Lightweight Attention-GRU. Sensors, 25(5), 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051547

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