Investigation on a Large-Scale Braceless-TLP Floating Offshore Wind Turbine at Intermediate Water Depth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model Description
2.1. Physical Model Description
2.2. Numerical Modeling
2.2.1. Aerodynamics
2.2.2. Hydrodynamics
2.2.3. Mooring Dynamics
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Hydrodynamic Analysis of Floating Platform
3.2. Coupled Analysis of FOWT
3.2.1. Free-Decay Tests
3.2.2. Response Amplitude Operators
3.2.3. Responses to Wind–Wave Combined Effects
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The natural periods of the platform in surge/way, heave, pitch/roll, and yaw were 26.4 s, 1.3 s, 2 s, and 19.7 s, which satisfied the standard given by DNV-RP-0268.
- (2)
- The RAOs of the platform were derived from the time series responses excited by white noise waves. The platform showed small RAO in heave and pitch, illustrating good stability of the structure in the corresponding DOFs.
- (3)
- The effects of wind and waves on the responses of the FOWT were investigated. A total of 20 load cases were utilized combining different environmental parameters. The results showed that the FOWT can survive under the most extreme 100-year-return wind–wave combined environments.
- (4)
- The maximum surge displacement was 15% of the designed water depth, which was smaller than the admissible offset to the water depth ratio of 23%.
- (5)
- The tower top displacements were in the similar order as that calculated for a 10-MW wind turbine supported by the monopile foundation, indicating that the RNA was not affected by the motion of the floating platform.
- (6)
- The largest tension force was 14,923 kN, which was observed in the 50-year-return load case. As the tendons experienced relatively high-tension forces, it was vital for TLP to select proper materials for station-keeping to avoid damage of the tendon due to the high-tension force. All six tendons remained tense during the simulation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Wind Regime | IEC class 1A |
Cut-in wind speed | 4 m/s |
Cut-out wind speed | 25 m/s |
Rated wind speed | 11 m/s |
Rotor diameter | 198.0 m |
Hub diameter | 4.6 m |
Hub Height | 119 m |
Minimum rotor speed | 6.0 rpm |
Maximum rotor speed | 8.68 rpm |
Maximum tip speed | 90.0 m/s |
Hub overhang | 7.1 m |
Shaft tilt angle | 6.0 deg. |
Blade Mass | 47,700 kg |
Nacelle mass | 542,600 kg |
Tower mass | 628,442 kg |
Dimension | Value |
---|---|
Pontoon length | 36.4 m |
Pontoon width | 9 m |
Pontoon height | 5 m |
Main column diameter | 8.3 m |
Main column height | 36 m |
Freeboard height | 10 m |
Side column diameter | 5.5 m |
Side column height | 41 m |
Hull thickness | 0.015 m |
Draft | 26 m |
Platform mass (including ballast) | 4047 ton |
Platform center of mass below SWL | 9.29 m |
Platform pitch/roll moment of inertia | 1.65 × 109 kg m2 |
Platform yaw moment of inertia | 3.02 × 109 kg m2 |
Displacement | 7328 ton |
Unstretched tendon length | 33.98 m |
Tendon dry weight | 116.027 kg/m |
Tendon axial stiffness | 1.8 × 109 N |
Prototype | Draft | Pontoon Width | Pontoon Height | Column Diameter |
---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 26 | 9 | 5 | 6.5 |
M2 | 24 | 9 | 5 | 6.5 |
M3 | 28 | 9 | 5 | 6.5 |
M4 | 30 | 9 | 5 | 6.5 |
M5 | 26 | 10 | 5 | 6.5 |
M6 | 26 | 11 | 5 | 6.5 |
M7 | 26 | 9 | 5 | 5.5 |
M8 | 26 | 9 | 5 | 7.5 |
M9 | 26 | 9 | 5 | 8.5 |
M10 | 26 | 9 | 4 | 6.5 |
M11 | 26 | 9 | 6 | 6.5 |
M12 | 26 | 9 | 7 | 6.5 |
Mode | Period (s) | Standard (s) |
---|---|---|
Surge/sway | 26.4 | 15–60 |
Heave | 1.3 | 1–2 |
Roll/pitch | 2 | 2–5 |
Yaw | 19.7 | 8–20 |
Load Case | Return Period (Year) | HS (m) | TP (s) | VHub (m/s) | Direction (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LC1 | 100 | 9.07 | 13.3 | 38.13 | 0 |
LC2 | 8.45 | 9.3 | 44.18 | 90 | |
LC3 | 9.38 | 11.4 | 41.45 | 225 | |
LC4 | 50 | 8.96 | 13.5 | 34.16 | 0 |
LC5 | 8.45 | 10.4 | 36.78 | 45 | |
LC6 | 8.13 | 9.3 | 40.05 | 90 | |
LC7 | 8.69 | 16.4 | 35.55 | 135 | |
LC8 | 9.07 | 11.5 | 37.79 | 225 | |
LC9 | 5 | 5.10 | 11.1 | 20.77 | 0 |
LC10 | 6.21 | 9.8 | 24.92 | 45 | |
LC11 | 5.94 | 8.2 | 24.96 | 90 | |
LC12 | 5.47 | 13.6 | 23.37 | 135 | |
LC13 | 4.99 | 12.2 | 20.15 | 180 | |
LC14 | 6.42 | 10 | 24.82 | 225 | |
LC15 | 2 | 3.50 | 10.8 | 15.22 | 0 |
LC16 | 4.22 | 8.7 | 19.17 | 45 | |
LC17 | 3.68 | 7 | 17.4 | 90 | |
LC18 | 4.34 | 12.2 | 18.76 | 135 | |
LC19 | 3.81 | 10.4 | 15.64 | 180 | |
LC20 | 4.11 | 8.3 | 18.79 | 225 |
Tendon Load Case | T1 | T2 | T3 |
---|---|---|---|
LC1 | 32.79 | 37.10 | 35.83 |
LC2 | 32.50 | 32.32 | 32.00 |
LC3 | 32.29 | 32.43 | 32.39 |
LC4 | 34.63 | 45.13 | 49.09 |
LC5 | 32.30 | 32.66 | 31.67 |
LC6 | 45.52 | 32.35 | 32.01 |
LC7 | 32.32 | 32.89 | 32.87 |
LC8 | 32.31 | 42.73 | 32.96 |
LC9 | 435.78 | 1467.05 | 1990.44 |
LC10 | 32.87 | 72.36 | 32.50 |
LC11 | 34.80 | 32.76 | 32.43 |
LC12 | 1266.67 | 550.78 | 2025.45 |
LC13 | 845.87 | 1728.30 | 1637.50 |
LC14 | 43.72 | 761.69 | 32.96 |
LC15 | 919.79 | 2272.05 | 2577.92 |
LC16 | 1307.90 | 1853.66 | 287.31 |
LC17 | 2686.97 | 798.93 | 2222.04 |
LC18 | 1461.90 | 956.23 | 2372.19 |
LC19 | 1673.04 | 2068.80 | 1745.74 |
LC20 | 1265.52 | 2071.74 | 408.51 |
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Zhou, Y.; Ren, Y.; Shi, W.; Li, X. Investigation on a Large-Scale Braceless-TLP Floating Offshore Wind Turbine at Intermediate Water Depth. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020302
Zhou Y, Ren Y, Shi W, Li X. Investigation on a Large-Scale Braceless-TLP Floating Offshore Wind Turbine at Intermediate Water Depth. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2022; 10(2):302. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020302
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Yiming, Yajun Ren, Wei Shi, and Xin Li. 2022. "Investigation on a Large-Scale Braceless-TLP Floating Offshore Wind Turbine at Intermediate Water Depth" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2: 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020302
APA StyleZhou, Y., Ren, Y., Shi, W., & Li, X. (2022). Investigation on a Large-Scale Braceless-TLP Floating Offshore Wind Turbine at Intermediate Water Depth. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(2), 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020302